Friday, 2 January 2009
Phrasal Verbs - in and on 129
Phrasal verbs, or multi-word verbs, are verbs that are combined with one or two particles (a preposition or adverb), for example, 'in' or 'out', to make verbs with new meanings. These new meanings are usually non-literal. For example, to chime means to ring (the bells chimed at 8 o'clock) but to chime in means to interrupt someone while s/he is speaking (And then he chimed in that he didn't want to go).
Spanish galleon unearthed in Buenos Aires [ bbc learning english]
The foundations were being dug for a luxury apartment block being built in the renovated port area of Buenos Aires when workers struck oil - olive oil. Or at least eight ceramic jars which in the eighteenth century were used to transport olive oil to the Spanish colonies in Latin America.
Archaeologists were called and together they uncovered four cannons, timbers from the ship's hull and evidence that the vessel was probably sent to trade in leather. Archaeologist Marcelo Weissel said the discovery was unique in Argentina.
Work is now underway on finding out more. Early indications are that the ship sank in about seventeen-fifty. The mayor of Buenos Aires, Mauricio Macri, said the construction company and archaeologists would work together on what looks like being a great treasure for the whole city.
Towards the end of the eighteenth century Buenos Aires was becoming a major port city, as Spanish colonists began transporting silver from what is now southern Bolivia through the city to Europe. But the waters were often treacherous and pirates were rampant, leaving a trail of destruction waiting to be unearthed hundreds of years later.
Vocabulary
a luxury apartment block
a big building consisting of a number of large and very comfortable flats
to live in luxury [luxury - mewah]
a luxury cruise
a luxury hotel
They have a very luxurious house.[very comfortable and expensive]
We spent a luxurious weekend at a country hotel.
struck = here :
found, discovered
The first person to strike oil in the US was Edwin Laurentine Drake.
The population and settlement of Colorado expanded after the gold strike of 1858. [noun]
to strike gold/oil
cannons [noun]
large, powerful guns used in the past, firing heavy stone or metal balls
I was rushing along with my head down when I cannoned into an old lady walking the other way. [to knock or hit against someone or something suddenly and forcefully as you are running / verb]
timbers [papan]
large pieces of wood used in the framework, or hull, of a wooden ship
a timber forest
These trees are being grown for timber.
roof timbers
a timber-framed building
the vessel
the ship
a cargo/fishing/naval/patrol/sailing/supply vessel
a great treasure
a very important and valuable find
Stories about pirates often include a search for buried treasure.
When they opened up the tomb they found treasure beyond their wildest dreams.
I shall always treasure those memories of her. [verb]
This pen that my grandfather gave me is one of my most treasured possessions. [verb]
major
here, very important and used a lot
All of her major plays have been translated into English.
Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay.
There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor.
Citrus fruits are a major source of vitamin C.
There has been a major change in attitudes recently.
The United States is a major influence in the United Nations.
Have you seen Chrissie's new leather jacket? It's majorly cool. [very or extremely]
minor [UNIMPORTANT)
a minor operation
It's only a minor problem.
There's been an increase in minor offences, such as traffic violations and petty theft.
She suffered only minor injuries.
It requires a few minor adjustments.a minor poet of the 16th-century
the waters
here, the ocean near the city
The human body is about 50% water.
I like swimming but I don't like getting my head under (= in) water.
Dad, I swam a whole length of the pool under water (= with the whole head and body below the surface of the water)!
I've asked my neighbour to water the plants while I'm away. [verb-siram]
The horses had been fed and watered [ bagi minum]
People used to come to this city to take (= drink and swim in) the waters. [water from a spring, especially when used for drinking or swimming in, in order to improve the health]
treacherous [ajd]
here, extremely dangerous
Snow and ice have left many roads treacherous, and motorists are warned to drive slowly.
Freezing rain made driving treacherous.
Ice had made the roads treacherous.
rampant [adj-menjadi2-menular-tumbuh menjadi2]
here, uncontrollable and getting worse
rampant corruption
Rampant inflation means that our wage increases soon become worth nothing.
He said that he had encountered rampant prejudice in his attempts to get a job.
Disease is rampant in the overcrowded city.
rampant corruption/inflation
Archaeologists were called and together they uncovered four cannons, timbers from the ship's hull and evidence that the vessel was probably sent to trade in leather. Archaeologist Marcelo Weissel said the discovery was unique in Argentina.
Work is now underway on finding out more. Early indications are that the ship sank in about seventeen-fifty. The mayor of Buenos Aires, Mauricio Macri, said the construction company and archaeologists would work together on what looks like being a great treasure for the whole city.
Towards the end of the eighteenth century Buenos Aires was becoming a major port city, as Spanish colonists began transporting silver from what is now southern Bolivia through the city to Europe. But the waters were often treacherous and pirates were rampant, leaving a trail of destruction waiting to be unearthed hundreds of years later.
Vocabulary
a luxury apartment block
a big building consisting of a number of large and very comfortable flats
to live in luxury [luxury - mewah]
a luxury cruise
a luxury hotel
They have a very luxurious house.[very comfortable and expensive]
We spent a luxurious weekend at a country hotel.
struck = here :
found, discovered
The first person to strike oil in the US was Edwin Laurentine Drake.
The population and settlement of Colorado expanded after the gold strike of 1858. [noun]
to strike gold/oil
cannons [noun]
large, powerful guns used in the past, firing heavy stone or metal balls
I was rushing along with my head down when I cannoned into an old lady walking the other way. [to knock or hit against someone or something suddenly and forcefully as you are running / verb]
timbers [papan]
large pieces of wood used in the framework, or hull, of a wooden ship
a timber forest
These trees are being grown for timber.
roof timbers
a timber-framed building
the vessel
the ship
a cargo/fishing/naval/patrol/sailing/supply vessel
a great treasure
a very important and valuable find
Stories about pirates often include a search for buried treasure.
When they opened up the tomb they found treasure beyond their wildest dreams.
I shall always treasure those memories of her. [verb]
This pen that my grandfather gave me is one of my most treasured possessions. [verb]
major
here, very important and used a lot
All of her major plays have been translated into English.
Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay.
There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor.
Citrus fruits are a major source of vitamin C.
There has been a major change in attitudes recently.
The United States is a major influence in the United Nations.
Have you seen Chrissie's new leather jacket? It's majorly cool. [very or extremely]
minor [UNIMPORTANT)
a minor operation
It's only a minor problem.
There's been an increase in minor offences, such as traffic violations and petty theft.
She suffered only minor injuries.
It requires a few minor adjustments.a minor poet of the 16th-century
the waters
here, the ocean near the city
The human body is about 50% water.
I like swimming but I don't like getting my head under (= in) water.
Dad, I swam a whole length of the pool under water (= with the whole head and body below the surface of the water)!
I've asked my neighbour to water the plants while I'm away. [verb-siram]
The horses had been fed and watered [ bagi minum]
People used to come to this city to take (= drink and swim in) the waters. [water from a spring, especially when used for drinking or swimming in, in order to improve the health]
treacherous [ajd]
here, extremely dangerous
Snow and ice have left many roads treacherous, and motorists are warned to drive slowly.
Freezing rain made driving treacherous.
Ice had made the roads treacherous.
rampant [adj-menjadi2-menular-tumbuh menjadi2]
here, uncontrollable and getting worse
rampant corruption
Rampant inflation means that our wage increases soon become worth nothing.
He said that he had encountered rampant prejudice in his attempts to get a job.
Disease is rampant in the overcrowded city.
rampant corruption/inflation
Phrasal verbs 4 60
Phrasal verbs or multi-word verbs are verbs that are combined with one or two particles (a preposition or adverb), for example, 'after' to make verbs with new meanings. For example, look means to use your eyes to see something (She looked at the photograph and smiled) but look after means to care for someone (The doctor said that Michal's dad had to look after himself more).
Here are some phrasal verbs you can use when talking about family relationships:
Phrasal verbs - family relationships
bring someone up:
take care of a child. =to care for a child until it is an adult, often giving it particular beliefs:
...She was brought up by her grandparents after her parents died.
...They brought their children up to be polite and to respect older people.
...She was brought up by her grandmother.
...They brought her up (as/to be) a Catholic.
...[+ to infinitive] David was brought up to respect authority.
take after someone: to look like someone in your family. =to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character.
...Her dad's really short but her mum's really tall. With those long legs, she certainly takes after her mother.
...All the children take after their dad – he's really musical – and all of them can play an instrument.
...He takes after his mother/his mother's side of the family.
...Peter's very tall - he takes after his father.
...Erika takes after her mother with her bad temper
...Most of my children take after my husband
look up to someone: to respect or admire someone [hormat]
...When she was young she looked up to her parents. They were very good role models for her.
...Footballers have a lot of responsibility because so many children look up to them.
...He'd always looked up to his uncle.
...Kate has always looked up to her father.
grow up: to become more adult, the process of changing from a child to an adult
...I grew up in Glasgow but moved to London after I graduated from University.
...He grew up on a farm but always wanted to live in a big city.
...I grew up in Scotland (= I lived in Scotland when I was young).
...Taking responsibility for yourself is part of the process of growing up.
get on with someone: be friends with someone
...When I was young I didn't get on with my sister but now we're very good friends.
...I tried to get on with him but he was rude I found it impossible to be friends with him.
fall out with someone: have an argument or disagreement with someone and stop being friends with him or her
...She fell out with me after all these years over an invite to a party!
...They were best friends for years but they fell out and now they don't even talk to each other.
...He left home after falling out with his parents.
...She'd fallen out with her boyfriend over his ex-girlfriend.
..Rachel and Fi have had a falling-out and they're not speaking to each other.
...I haven't seen Karen since we fell out last month.
...He left home after falling out with his parents. [often + with]
...It's stupid to fall out over (= because of) such a small thing. [sometimes + over]
...Clare and Richard had a falling-out last week and they're still not speaking to one another.
live up to: reach an expected standard =to be as good as something:[seperti/menjadi setaraf- dgnsetanding/mengikut-berpegang]
...His mother was a famous politician so he had a lot to live up to.Everyone expected that he would have a successful career in politics too. ...Because all my sisters did so well at high school, I had a lot to live up to from the first day I went there.
...Did the trip live up to your expectations?
...He's striving to live up to his reputation as a world-class athlete.
...We expected a lot of her, and her performance lived up to our expectations
stand up to someone: refuse to accept unfair treatment or behaviour [melawan]
...After years of being treated badly by her husband, she finally stood up to him and made him change his ways.
...If you don't stand up to her, she'll just treat you like dirt.
...He wasn't afraid to stand up to bullies.
...He was not afraid to stand up to his superiors if they had a difference of opinion.
...She has been criticized for failing to stand up to the powerful right-wing of the party.
look back on something: remember something that happened in the past = to think about or remember something that happened in the past [kenang kembali-ingat balik]
...When I look back on my childhood, I remember lots of laughter and a few tears too.
...When you look back on your life, what is your happiest memory?
...When I look back, I'm amazed that I coped so well after his death.
...It wasn't such a bad experience when I look back on it. [often + on]
tell someone off: talk to someone severely for doing something wrong [memahari]
...The boss really told me off for being late for the second time this week.
...Her parents told her off for doing so badly in her exams this year.
...She told him off for not doing his homework.
...You always get told off in Mr Warren's lesson.
...The nurse gave me a good telling-off.
...She got a telling-off from her teacher for forgetting her book. [often + from]
...The teacher told me off for swearing.
...He gave me a good telling-off for forgetting the meeting.
Vocabulary:
a heart attack:
a sudden serious medical condition when someone's heart stops working in its usual way
...John had a heart attack three years ago.
...He'd survived two heart attacks and was very careful about what he ate.
to count on someone: to be able to rely on someone or expect someone to behave in a particular way. [mengharap]
...You can always count on Michael in a crisis.
...[+ to infinitive] I can count on my parents to help me.
Here are some phrasal verbs you can use when talking about family relationships:
Phrasal verbs - family relationships
bring someone up:
take care of a child. =to care for a child until it is an adult, often giving it particular beliefs:
...She was brought up by her grandparents after her parents died.
...They brought their children up to be polite and to respect older people.
...She was brought up by her grandmother.
...They brought her up (as/to be) a Catholic.
...[+ to infinitive] David was brought up to respect authority.
take after someone: to look like someone in your family. =to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character.
...Her dad's really short but her mum's really tall. With those long legs, she certainly takes after her mother.
...All the children take after their dad – he's really musical – and all of them can play an instrument.
...He takes after his mother/his mother's side of the family.
...Peter's very tall - he takes after his father.
...Erika takes after her mother with her bad temper
...Most of my children take after my husband
look up to someone: to respect or admire someone [hormat]
...When she was young she looked up to her parents. They were very good role models for her.
...Footballers have a lot of responsibility because so many children look up to them.
...He'd always looked up to his uncle.
...Kate has always looked up to her father.
grow up: to become more adult, the process of changing from a child to an adult
...I grew up in Glasgow but moved to London after I graduated from University.
...He grew up on a farm but always wanted to live in a big city.
...I grew up in Scotland (= I lived in Scotland when I was young).
...Taking responsibility for yourself is part of the process of growing up.
get on with someone: be friends with someone
...When I was young I didn't get on with my sister but now we're very good friends.
...I tried to get on with him but he was rude I found it impossible to be friends with him.
fall out with someone: have an argument or disagreement with someone and stop being friends with him or her
...She fell out with me after all these years over an invite to a party!
...They were best friends for years but they fell out and now they don't even talk to each other.
...He left home after falling out with his parents.
...She'd fallen out with her boyfriend over his ex-girlfriend.
..Rachel and Fi have had a falling-out and they're not speaking to each other.
...I haven't seen Karen since we fell out last month.
...He left home after falling out with his parents. [often + with]
...It's stupid to fall out over (= because of) such a small thing. [sometimes + over]
...Clare and Richard had a falling-out last week and they're still not speaking to one another.
live up to: reach an expected standard =to be as good as something:[seperti/menjadi setaraf- dgnsetanding/mengikut-berpegang]
...His mother was a famous politician so he had a lot to live up to.Everyone expected that he would have a successful career in politics too. ...Because all my sisters did so well at high school, I had a lot to live up to from the first day I went there.
...Did the trip live up to your expectations?
...He's striving to live up to his reputation as a world-class athlete.
...We expected a lot of her, and her performance lived up to our expectations
stand up to someone: refuse to accept unfair treatment or behaviour [melawan]
...After years of being treated badly by her husband, she finally stood up to him and made him change his ways.
...If you don't stand up to her, she'll just treat you like dirt.
...He wasn't afraid to stand up to bullies.
...He was not afraid to stand up to his superiors if they had a difference of opinion.
...She has been criticized for failing to stand up to the powerful right-wing of the party.
look back on something: remember something that happened in the past = to think about or remember something that happened in the past [kenang kembali-ingat balik]
...When I look back on my childhood, I remember lots of laughter and a few tears too.
...When you look back on your life, what is your happiest memory?
...When I look back, I'm amazed that I coped so well after his death.
...It wasn't such a bad experience when I look back on it. [often + on]
tell someone off: talk to someone severely for doing something wrong [memahari]
...The boss really told me off for being late for the second time this week.
...Her parents told her off for doing so badly in her exams this year.
...She told him off for not doing his homework.
...You always get told off in Mr Warren's lesson.
...The nurse gave me a good telling-off.
...She got a telling-off from her teacher for forgetting her book. [often + from]
...The teacher told me off for swearing.
...He gave me a good telling-off for forgetting the meeting.
Vocabulary:
a heart attack:
a sudden serious medical condition when someone's heart stops working in its usual way
...John had a heart attack three years ago.
...He'd survived two heart attacks and was very careful about what he ate.
to count on someone: to be able to rely on someone or expect someone to behave in a particular way. [mengharap]
...You can always count on Michael in a crisis.
...[+ to infinitive] I can count on my parents to help me.
Stative verbs 4
Stative (or state) verbs describe states (things that don't change easily or quickly, for example, what you believe, think or own) rather than actions (jump, talk or buy). These verbs are not normally used in the continuous form (ing).
Stative verbs can be grouped into these categories:
Verbs of emotion:
care [worry / verb]to think that something is important and to feel interested in it or upset about it:
...She's never cared very much about her appearance.
...[+ question word] I really don't care whether we go out or not.
...I don't care how much it costs, just buy it.
.."Was Lorna happy about the arrangements?" "I don't know and I don't care.
..."Your parents are only doing this because they care about (= love) you.
feel
...I never feel safe when I'm being driven by Richard
hate
to dislike someone or something very much:
...Kelly hates her teacher.
...She hated the cold dark days of winter.
...I hate it when you do that.
...[+ ing form of verb] I have always hated speaking in public.I hate him telling me what do to all the time.
...[+ to infinitive] I hate (= do not want) to interrupt, but it's time we left.
...I'd hate (= would not like) you to think I didn't appreciate what you'd done.
like
...[+ object + ing form of verb] I don't want a load of traffic going past my house all night, waking me up.
...Am I wanted at the meeting tomorrow?
...He is wanted by the police (= The police are searching for him).
Verbs of ownership:
own
to have something that legally belongs to you:
...We own our house.
..I've never owned a suit in my life.
...to admit: [+ (that)] I own (that) I was not very happy with the group's decision.
have
(ALSO 've/'s, MAINLY UK have got) to own or possess
Stative verbs can be grouped into these categories:
Verbs of emotion:
care [worry / verb]to think that something is important and to feel interested in it or upset about it:
...She's never cared very much about her appearance.
...[+ question word] I really don't care whether we go out or not.
...I don't care how much it costs, just buy it.
.."Was Lorna happy about the arrangements?" "I don't know and I don't care.
..."Your parents are only doing this because they care about (= love) you.
feel
...I never feel safe when I'm being driven by Richard
hate
to dislike someone or something very much:
...Kelly hates her teacher.
...She hated the cold dark days of winter.
...I hate it when you do that.
...[+ ing form of verb] I have always hated speaking in public.I hate him telling me what do to all the time.
...[+ to infinitive] I hate (= do not want) to interrupt, but it's time we left.
...I'd hate (= would not like) you to think I didn't appreciate what you'd done.
like
...[+ ing form of verb] I don't like upsetting people.
...[+ past participle] He likes his steak well-done.
...[+ object + to infinitive] I'd like you to send this for me first class, please.
...[+ past participle] I would like the whole lot finished by the weekend.
loathe
to hate someone or something
...From an early age the brothers have loathed each other.
..."Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it.
..."[+ ing form of verb] I loathe doing housework.
love
...[+ ing form of verb] I love skiing.
...I'd love a cup of coffee if you're making one.
...[+ to infinitive] She would dearly love to start her own business.
...I'd love you to come to dinner some night.
...US I'd love for you to come to dinner tonight.
need
...[+ object + to infinitive] I need you to help me choose an outfit.
...I badly need (= strongly want) a rest from all this.
...INFORMAL I don't need all this hassle.
...What you need, my son, is a nice hot bowl of soup.
...[+ ing form of verb] This room needs brightening up a bit.
...[+ past participle or + ing form of verb] She needs her hair washed/UK washing.
prefer
...[+ ing form of verb] He prefers watching rugby to playing it.
...[+ to infinitive] I'd prefer not to discuss this issue.
...FORMAL I'd prefer you not to smoke (= I would like it better if you did not smoke), please.
want
...[+ object + past participle] This letter - do you want it sent first class?
...[+ object + adjective] Do you want this pie hot?...[+ object + ing form of verb] I don't want a load of traffic going past my house all night, waking me up.
...Am I wanted at the meeting tomorrow?
...He is wanted by the police (= The police are searching for him).
Verbs of ownership:
own
to have something that legally belongs to you:
...We own our house.
..I've never owned a suit in my life.
...to admit: [+ (that)] I own (that) I was not very happy with the group's decision.
have
(ALSO 've/'s, MAINLY UK have got) to own or possess
They have a beautiful home.
He has plenty of money but no style.
I've got two brothers.
Have you got time to finish the report today?
I've got a suggestion/an idea.
...He asked me how many men I'd had. SLANG to have sex with someone
possess
to have or own something, or to have a particular quality
...I don't possess a single DVD (= I don't have even one DVD).
...In the past the root of this plant was thought to possess magical powers which could cure baldness.
Verbs of the mind:
believe
...[+ object + to infinitive] I believe her to be the finest violinist in the world.
...[+ object + adjective] All the crew are missing, believed dead.
..."Is she coming alone?" "We believe not/so (= We think she is not/is)."
...[+ that] He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence.
mean
What do you mean by that remark? [exprees]
[+ that] These figures mean that almost 7% of the working population is unemployed
[[+ ing form of verb] If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving the house at 6.00.[HAVE RESULT)
It wasn't a valuable picture but it meant a lot to me.
Possessions mean nothing to him.
I'm sorry if I offended you - I didn't mean any harm. [to intend]
The books with large print are meant for our partially sighted readers.
[+ to infinitive] I've been meaning to phone you all week.
Do you think she meant to say 9 a.m. instead of 9 p.m.?
[+ object + to infinitive] This exercise isn't meant to be difficult.
They didn't mean for her to read the letter.
suppose (THINK LIKELY]
...[+ to infinitive] We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.
...Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.
...It is widely supposed (that) the minister will be forced to resign.
forget
I completely forgot about Gemma's party
[+ ing form of verb]=She would never forget seeing the Himalayas for the first time
I've forgotten what you do next/how to do it.
[+ (that)] We had forgotten (that) she doesn't come on Thursdays
realise
understand
know
remember
doubt
Thursday, 1 January 2009
Negotiations: tricky conversations [bbc]
Talking Business
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/business/talkingbusiness/unit4negotiations/1tricky.shtml
Introduction
All managers sometimes have to have difficult conversations with people working under them. What is the best way to give negative feedback?
Think
Imagine you are unhappy with the behaviour of a member of your team. You have decided to raise the issue with this person and tell him or her that you would like to see an improvement. What words or phrases might be useful in this tricky conversation?
Check understanding
Sean:
Okay, well, I’m not going to get into a discussion about who deserved to get the job. Clearly, the person who was appointed was the right person for the job. What you need to do is look at your work and what you’re doing and where that’s taking you in your career. But bearing in mind that you are still employed to do a job and I expect you to do that job with a certain attitude. You’re meeting members of the public quite regularly - it’s important that you aren’t unhappy, or at least that you don’t show it. This meeting is really just to let you know I’m not happy with the effort that you’ve made...
Michelle: Okay …
Sean:
… and I really want to see some improvement. I know it’s difficult. I know that it’s depressing not to get a job, but you’ve got to snap out of it, you’ve got to get on with the job that you’re doing now.
Vocabulary
clearly [adverb]
used to show that you think something is obvious or certain:
...The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault.
...Clearly, you should tell her the truth.
deserved [patut-sepatutnya-layak]
to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have
...[+ to infinitive] They certainly deserved to win that match.
get into
get into sth (ACTIVITY)
get into sb (BEHAVIOUR)
get (sb) into sth (PROBLEM)
get (sb) into sth (PROBLEM) phrasal verb
to (cause someone to) become involved in a difficult situation, often without intending to: ----1- berada dalam - bagaimana mulanya kamu berada adalam kacau begini-------------2- membuat dia - kamulah yg membuat dia susah------3- masuk-
After he lost his job, he got into debt.
Are you trying to get me into trouble?
take in
bear/keep sth in mind [ingat akan-mengingati]
to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision or thinking about a matter. -----1- ingat-- kamu mesti ingat bahawa kamu sedang mengendalikan org2 yg berpendapat berbeza2 - --- itu cadangan yg baik , saya akan ingat- ----3- perlu diingatkan
.........Bearing in mind how young she is, I thought she did really well.
............Of course, repair work is expensive and you have to keep that in mind.
expect (THINK) verb
[T] to think or believe something will happen, or someone will arrive: -----1- mengharakan - - selepas kemarau kami mengharapkan hujan -----------2- mengharapkan kedatangan - saya menghafapkan kedatangan tetamu penting ----------- 3- jika kamu mengharapkan simpati kamu akan kecewa-
....We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.
....[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.
...I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.
....[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.
...The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.
....We were half expecting you not to come back.
regularly
regular (OFTEN) adjective
happening or doing something often:
.........a regular customer/churchgoer/reader/user
..........Top footballers make regular appearances on TV.
regularly adverb
..............Accidents regularly occur on this bend.
certain (IN NO DOUBT) - pasti
certain (EXTREMELY LIKELY)
certain (PARTICULAR) - tertentu - tersendiri -
certain (NAMED)
certain (LIMITED)
snap out of sth phrasal verb INFORMAL
to force yourself to stop feeling sad and upset: -------1- melepaskan diri daripada belenggu - alangkah baiknya kalau saya dapat melepaskan diri dari belengu itu-----------2- -berhenti dari berbuat- -bukankan ini masanya kamu berhenti berbuat demikian---------3- menjadi riang semula-- dia menjadi riang semula sebaik saja kawan baiknya sampai-
.............He just can't snap out of the depression he's had since his wife died.
.............Now come on, snap out of it.Losing that money isn't the end of the world.
depress (CAUSE SADNESS)
depress (REDUCE)
depress (PRESS DOWN)
depressing Show phonetics adjective
making you feel unhappy and without hope for the future: ------1- menyedihkan - berita menyedihkan-
...........I find this weather so depressing.
..........Her letter made depressing reading
..........[+ ing form of verb] It was very depressing watching the news on television tonight.
..........[+ to infinitive] It's depressing to think that we've got five more years of this government!
get on (CONTINUE) phrasal verb
to continue doing something, especially work:
..............I suppose I could get on with the ironing while I'm waiting.
..........I'll leave you to get on then, shall I?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/business/talkingbusiness/unit4negotiations/1tricky.shtml
Introduction
All managers sometimes have to have difficult conversations with people working under them. What is the best way to give negative feedback?
Think
Imagine you are unhappy with the behaviour of a member of your team. You have decided to raise the issue with this person and tell him or her that you would like to see an improvement. What words or phrases might be useful in this tricky conversation?
Check understanding
Sean:
Okay, well, I’m not going to get into a discussion about who deserved to get the job. Clearly, the person who was appointed was the right person for the job. What you need to do is look at your work and what you’re doing and where that’s taking you in your career. But bearing in mind that you are still employed to do a job and I expect you to do that job with a certain attitude. You’re meeting members of the public quite regularly - it’s important that you aren’t unhappy, or at least that you don’t show it. This meeting is really just to let you know I’m not happy with the effort that you’ve made...
Michelle: Okay …
Sean:
… and I really want to see some improvement. I know it’s difficult. I know that it’s depressing not to get a job, but you’ve got to snap out of it, you’ve got to get on with the job that you’re doing now.
Vocabulary
clearly [adverb]
used to show that you think something is obvious or certain:
...The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault.
...Clearly, you should tell her the truth.
deserved [patut-sepatutnya-layak]
to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have
...[+ to infinitive] They certainly deserved to win that match.
get into
get into sth (ACTIVITY)
get into sb (BEHAVIOUR)
get (sb) into sth (PROBLEM)
get (sb) into sth (PROBLEM) phrasal verb
to (cause someone to) become involved in a difficult situation, often without intending to: ----1- berada dalam - bagaimana mulanya kamu berada adalam kacau begini-------------2- membuat dia - kamulah yg membuat dia susah------3- masuk-
After he lost his job, he got into debt.
Are you trying to get me into trouble?
take in
bear/keep sth in mind [ingat akan-mengingati]
to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision or thinking about a matter. -----1- ingat-- kamu mesti ingat bahawa kamu sedang mengendalikan org2 yg berpendapat berbeza2 - --- itu cadangan yg baik , saya akan ingat- ----3- perlu diingatkan
.........Bearing in mind how young she is, I thought she did really well.
............Of course, repair work is expensive and you have to keep that in mind.
expect (THINK) verb
[T] to think or believe something will happen, or someone will arrive: -----1- mengharakan - - selepas kemarau kami mengharapkan hujan -----------2- mengharapkan kedatangan - saya menghafapkan kedatangan tetamu penting ----------- 3- jika kamu mengharapkan simpati kamu akan kecewa-
....We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.
....[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.
...I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.
....[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.
...The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.
....We were half expecting you not to come back.
regularly
regular (OFTEN) adjective
happening or doing something often:
.........a regular customer/churchgoer/reader/user
..........Top footballers make regular appearances on TV.
regularly adverb
..............Accidents regularly occur on this bend.
certain (IN NO DOUBT) - pasti
certain (EXTREMELY LIKELY)
certain (PARTICULAR) - tertentu - tersendiri -
certain (NAMED)
certain (LIMITED)
snap out of sth phrasal verb INFORMAL
to force yourself to stop feeling sad and upset: -------1- melepaskan diri daripada belenggu - alangkah baiknya kalau saya dapat melepaskan diri dari belengu itu-----------2- -berhenti dari berbuat- -bukankan ini masanya kamu berhenti berbuat demikian---------3- menjadi riang semula-- dia menjadi riang semula sebaik saja kawan baiknya sampai-
.............He just can't snap out of the depression he's had since his wife died.
.............Now come on, snap out of it.Losing that money isn't the end of the world.
depress (CAUSE SADNESS)
depress (REDUCE)
depress (PRESS DOWN)
depressing Show phonetics adjective
making you feel unhappy and without hope for the future: ------1- menyedihkan - berita menyedihkan-
...........I find this weather so depressing.
..........Her letter made depressing reading
..........[+ ing form of verb] It was very depressing watching the news on television tonight.
..........[+ to infinitive] It's depressing to think that we've got five more years of this government!
get on (CONTINUE) phrasal verb
to continue doing something, especially work:
..............I suppose I could get on with the ironing while I'm waiting.
..........I'll leave you to get on then, shall I?
Jobs vocabulary
People who work outside
a traffic warden
someone who enforces parking rules and gives out tickets to drivers who park their cars illegally
...A traffic warden gave me a ticket for parking on a double yellow line.
a bicycle courier
someone who delivers letters and parcels within a city (usually in the business district) by bike = person who carries important messages or documents for someone else.
...I want to have this package delivered by motorcycle courier.
a road sweeper
someone who brushes up and collects litter on pavements and streets
...a carpet sweeper (= a machine for cleaning carpets)
...a road sweeper (= a person whose job is cleaning the roads)
People who work in newspapers or magazines.
an agony aunt [uk]
someone who answers people's emotional, work or family problems
a person, usually a woman, who publicly gives advice to people with personal problems, especially in a regular magazine or newspaper article
a gossip columnist
someone who writes about what famous people are doing, what parties they go to and who's dating who
=gossip column [noun] the part of a newspaper in which you find stories about the social and private lives of famous people
...a gossip/sports columnist
...She's a columnist for USA Today.
an editor
the person who is responsible for what is written in a newspaper
...She's a senior editor in the reference department of a publishing company.
...Who is the current editor of the Times?
People who work in politics
a canvasser
someone who goes to people's houses and tries to persuade them to vote for a particular politician or political party in an election (canvassers are usually volunteers, they don't get paid for this work)OBTAIN SUPPORT
...I've been out canvassing for the Labour Party every evening this week.
a spin doctor
someone who makes ideas, events and political speeches seem better than they really are. [spin-pintal]
...News coverage of the campaign can be influenced to a candidate's advantage by spin doctors.
a speech writer
someone who writes speeches for a politician
People who work with children
a child-minder
someone who looks after children in her/his house during the day while the children's parents are working
a nursery school teacher
someone who cares for and teaches young children (3 – 5 year-olds) before they go to primary or infants school
People who work with food
a cook
someone who cooks and prepares food
...She's a wonderful cook.
...He's an excellent cook.
a sous-chef
a chef who works below the main chef and who is directly in charge of what is produced in the kitchen
a baker
someone who makes bread and cakes
a chef
a cook who has qualifications and is very skilled at cooking
...He is one of the top chefs in Britain.
...She is head-chef at the Waldorf-Astoria.
Vocabulary
a whiz at something [EXPERT]orang handal
someone who is very good or fast at a particular activity or task
a person with a very high level of skill or knowledge in a particular subject
...A police car whizzed by, on its way to the accident.[MOVE FAST]bersiung [laju]zoom....
...We whizzed through the rehearsal, so that we'd be finished by lunchtime.
...Time just whizzes past when you're enjoying yourself.
...a computer whizz
...He's a whizz at poker.
...Everyone knows at least one computer whiz.
...Jo was one of those whiz kids who are millionaires by the time they're 25.
a pager [ a bleeper]
a small machine which receives signals from a telephone
right away/now
immediately
...You'd better leave right now.
...I need this right away.
a favour
something you do for someone to help them out
She rang up to ask me a favour.
Could you do me a favour - would you feed my cat this weekend?
a traffic warden
someone who enforces parking rules and gives out tickets to drivers who park their cars illegally
...A traffic warden gave me a ticket for parking on a double yellow line.
a bicycle courier
someone who delivers letters and parcels within a city (usually in the business district) by bike = person who carries important messages or documents for someone else.
...I want to have this package delivered by motorcycle courier.
a road sweeper
someone who brushes up and collects litter on pavements and streets
...a carpet sweeper (= a machine for cleaning carpets)
...a road sweeper (= a person whose job is cleaning the roads)
People who work in newspapers or magazines.
an agony aunt [uk]
someone who answers people's emotional, work or family problems
a person, usually a woman, who publicly gives advice to people with personal problems, especially in a regular magazine or newspaper article
a gossip columnist
someone who writes about what famous people are doing, what parties they go to and who's dating who
=gossip column [noun] the part of a newspaper in which you find stories about the social and private lives of famous people
...a gossip/sports columnist
...She's a columnist for USA Today.
an editor
the person who is responsible for what is written in a newspaper
...She's a senior editor in the reference department of a publishing company.
...Who is the current editor of the Times?
People who work in politics
a canvasser
someone who goes to people's houses and tries to persuade them to vote for a particular politician or political party in an election (canvassers are usually volunteers, they don't get paid for this work)OBTAIN SUPPORT
...I've been out canvassing for the Labour Party every evening this week.
a spin doctor
someone who makes ideas, events and political speeches seem better than they really are. [spin-pintal]
...News coverage of the campaign can be influenced to a candidate's advantage by spin doctors.
a speech writer
someone who writes speeches for a politician
People who work with children
a child-minder
someone who looks after children in her/his house during the day while the children's parents are working
a nursery school teacher
someone who cares for and teaches young children (3 – 5 year-olds) before they go to primary or infants school
People who work with food
a cook
someone who cooks and prepares food
...She's a wonderful cook.
...He's an excellent cook.
a sous-chef
a chef who works below the main chef and who is directly in charge of what is produced in the kitchen
a baker
someone who makes bread and cakes
a chef
a cook who has qualifications and is very skilled at cooking
...He is one of the top chefs in Britain.
...She is head-chef at the Waldorf-Astoria.
Vocabulary
a whiz at something [EXPERT]orang handal
someone who is very good or fast at a particular activity or task
a person with a very high level of skill or knowledge in a particular subject
...A police car whizzed by, on its way to the accident.[MOVE FAST]bersiung [laju]zoom....
...We whizzed through the rehearsal, so that we'd be finished by lunchtime.
...Time just whizzes past when you're enjoying yourself.
...a computer whizz
...He's a whizz at poker.
...Everyone knows at least one computer whiz.
...Jo was one of those whiz kids who are millionaires by the time they're 25.
a pager [ a bleeper]
a small machine which receives signals from a telephone
right away/now
immediately
...You'd better leave right now.
...I need this right away.
a favour
something you do for someone to help them out
She rang up to ask me a favour.
Could you do me a favour - would you feed my cat this weekend?
Coffee vocabulary 131
Here is some vocabulary about the well-known drinks tea and coffee:
Coffee
coffee beans
seeds from a coffee bush (which are ground or crushed to make coffee grinds which are used to make the drink coffee)
white coffee :
coffee with milk
black coffee
coffee without milk
skinny coffee
coffee with skimmed (or low-fat) milk
espresso
a small measure of strong, dark coffee = [strong coffee, or a cup of this, made by forcing hot water through crushed coffee beans and served without milk]
...Do you like espresso?
...Would you prefer an espresso or a cappuccino?
latte
one measure of espresso and milk = a hot drink made from espresso (= strong coffee) and milk.
cappuccino
one measure of espresso and hot, frothy milk (milk which is whipped until it forms lots of tiny bubbles) and often powdered chocolate on the top.
=(a cup of) coffee made with heated milk which is served with a thick mass of bubbles and often powdered chocolate on the top.=
filter coffee (US drip coffee)
coffee made by slowly pouring boiling water through crushed
coffee beans in a coffee filter (thin paper which allows only the liquid to flow through, not the beans or the powder) =coffee made by slowly pouring hot water through crushed coffee beans in a coffee filter
instant coffee
coffee made by adding boiling water to coffee powder (it is made very quickly because you don't need to filter the coffee)
caffeine
(uncountable) a chemical, found in coffee (and tea), which is a stimulant (something which makes people more active)
a chemical, found for example in tea and coffee, which is a stimulant (= something which makes people more active)
decaffeinated coffee / decaf coffee
coffee that has been treated so that the caffeine (a chemical substance in coffee or tea) has been removed
...a cup of decaf
strong / weak
two adjectives used to describe coffee with a full flavour / lacking in flavour
Tea
Coffee
coffee beans
seeds from a coffee bush (which are ground or crushed to make coffee grinds which are used to make the drink coffee)
white coffee :
coffee with milk
black coffee
coffee without milk
skinny coffee
coffee with skimmed (or low-fat) milk
espresso
a small measure of strong, dark coffee = [strong coffee, or a cup of this, made by forcing hot water through crushed coffee beans and served without milk]
...Do you like espresso?
...Would you prefer an espresso or a cappuccino?
latte
one measure of espresso and milk = a hot drink made from espresso (= strong coffee) and milk.
cappuccino
one measure of espresso and hot, frothy milk (milk which is whipped until it forms lots of tiny bubbles) and often powdered chocolate on the top.
=(a cup of) coffee made with heated milk which is served with a thick mass of bubbles and often powdered chocolate on the top.=
filter coffee (US drip coffee)
coffee made by slowly pouring boiling water through crushed
coffee beans in a coffee filter (thin paper which allows only the liquid to flow through, not the beans or the powder) =coffee made by slowly pouring hot water through crushed coffee beans in a coffee filter
instant coffee
coffee made by adding boiling water to coffee powder (it is made very quickly because you don't need to filter the coffee)
caffeine
(uncountable) a chemical, found in coffee (and tea), which is a stimulant (something which makes people more active)
a chemical, found for example in tea and coffee, which is a stimulant (= something which makes people more active)
decaffeinated coffee / decaf coffee
coffee that has been treated so that the caffeine (a chemical substance in coffee or tea) has been removed
...a cup of decaf
strong / weak
two adjectives used to describe coffee with a full flavour / lacking in flavour
Tea
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