Words Of The Day 4

significant (IMPORTANT)
adjective - important or noticeable: -penting-bermakna-sgt beerti-

.....There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years.
....The talks between the USA and the USSR were very significant for the relationship between the two countries.

significance -
noun [U] importance:

......The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for/to people suffering from heart problems.

significantly
adverb

.....My piano playing has improved significantly since I've had a new teacher.


significant
(SPECIAL MEANING) adjective having a special meaning:

.....She looked at him across the table and gave him a significant smile.
.....Do you think it's significant that he hasn't replied to my letter yet?

significance
noun [U]special meaning:

.....Do you think that look he gave you had any significance?

significantly
adverb
in a way that suggests a special meaning:

.....He said that he would be bringing a friend with him but, significantly, didn't say who it was.

qualification
noun [kelayakan]
1- [C] an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc:

.....You'll never get a good job if you don't have any qualifications.
.....Do you have any teaching/legal/medical/secretarial/academic qualifications?


2 [C or U] an ability, characteristic or experience that makes you suitable for a particular job or activity:

.....Some nursing experience is a necessary qualification for this job.
......[+ to infinitive] One of the qualifications you need to work here is a sense of humour.


qualification noun
1- EXAMS [C] MAINLY UK what you get when you pass an exam or a course
....[usually plural] legal/medical qualifications
.....I want to go to college and get some qualifications so that I can get a good job.
..... What qualifications do you need to be a nanny?

-2- SKILLS [C] the skills, qualities, or experience that you need in order to do something

.....The only qualification needed for this job is an eye for detail.

3 COMPETITION [U] success in getting into a competition

....England's qualification for the World Cup


accredit -
verb [T] to officially recognize, accept or approve of someone or something:
-mengiktiraf-

....The agency was not accredited by the Philippine Consulate to offer contracts to Filipinos abroad.

accredited
adjective - officially recognized or approved:

......an accredited drama school
....accredited war correspondents

accreditation
noun [U]The college received/was given full accreditation in 1965.

Vocabulary of studying 155

Studying

a study scheme [rancangan-sususan]
a planned timetable of what or how to learn or revise

....Helen and John devised a study scheme to help them revise for their economics test.

noun [C]
1- MAINLY UK an officially organized plan or system:

...a training/housing/play scheme
....a pension/savings scheme
...There's a new scheme in our town for recycling plastic bottles.
...Class sizes will increase under the new scheme.

2- a plan for obtaining an advantage for yourself, especially by deceiving others:

....He's got a hare-brained/crazy/daft scheme for getting rich before he's 20.


study under someone
be taught by someone [belajar dibawah bimbingan]

....Helen studies economics under Professor Lewis.
....As a young painter, he studied under Picasso.


revise (verb), revision (uncountable noun) -mengulangkaji
re-learn or memorise a subject before having a test on it

....Sorry I can't come to your party but I have to revise for my history exam this weekend.
....He hardly did any revision and still managed to do OK on the test. It's just not fair!

revise (STUDY) UK -verb [I or T] (US review)
to study again something you have already learned, in preparation for an exam:

...We're revising (algebra) for the test tomorrow.

revision - noun [U]

.....She did no revision, but she still got a very high mark.


cram [mengisi - mengasak otak dengan sesuatu]
try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam [pulun]

....I stayed up till 4 this morning, cramming for the exam but I don't think I can actually remember any of it now.
....She's cramming for her history exam.

crammer noun [C] UK OLD-FASHIONED INFORMAL
a school or a book which helps you to learn quickly


Exams

pass (verb), a pass (noun)
be successful in an exam

....Did you pass your driving test? [lulus]
....I just managed to scrape a pass. The exam was really difficult.
....Guess what? I've passed my driving test!
...The exam is so hard that only 5% of all applicants pass.
....Jonathon Hill achieved grade A passes at A-level.
.....Mary can speak passable Russian. [satisfactory but not excellent]
....She scraped into university on very low grades. [cukup2 melayakkan-nya]


fail
be unsuccessful in an exam

.....She failed her driving three times before she passed.
....I passed in history but failed in chemistry.
....A lot of people fail their driving test the first time.
....The examiners failed him because he hadn't answered enough questions.
...John got three passes and four fails in his exams. [noun-gagal]

a border line pass
a mark on a test that's only just above the pass mark

....The pass mark was 60% and I got a borderline pass of just 62%. But at least I passed.
....She was a borderline candidate. [borderline/adj/-pinggir-hampir2-sempada-batas]
....Only in borderline cases (= cases where students might succeed or fail) will pupils have an oral exam.

a clear pass [markah tinggi]
a mark on a test that's much higher than the pass mark

.....She got a clear pass on her chemistry exam and is sure to graduate at the top of her class.

re-sit
take an exam again because you didn't pass it the first time you sat it

...I failed geography and am going to re-sit it in September.
....If you fail these exams, you can resit them next year.
....She's got to do resits in French and German. [noun]

university or college


an undergraduate
someone who is studying for their first degree

...He's an undergraduate at Yale.


graduate (verb), a graduate (noun)
someone who has passed all their final exams at university and has been awarded a degree

...He graduated in 2003.
...She's an Edinburgh graduate.
....a Cambridge graduate
...Chris is a physics graduate.
....high-school graduates
....a graduate of Yale
....Lorna graduated from the University of London.
....Tom has just graduated with first-class honours in psychology.
...After he graduated high school, he joined the Army.

a postgraduate / a postgrad
someone who is studying for a second degree after getting a first one

....After graduating in Chemistry, he started his postgrad in Biochemical Engineering.
...postgraduate studies/research
....a postgraduate degree in microbiology

lecture (verb), a lecture (noun)
give a lesson on a specialist subject to a large group of students at university

.....She's been lecturing in Medicine for years.
.....We have our Business Administration lectures on Tuesday at 10 o'clock.
...We went to a lecture on Italian art.
.....Who's giving the lecture this afternoon?
.....My dad gave me a lecture on the evils of alcohol last night.
....For ten years she lectured in law.
....She travelled widely in North America, lecturing on women's rights.
....His parents used to lecture him on his table manners.[to talk angrily to someone in order to criticize their behaviour]

a tutorial
a lesson or period of study with a tutor involving one student or a small group of students

....His professor helped him planned his essay in his tutorial.

Vocabulary:


can't bear
[ tahan-menanggung-sanggup] - keep-
not wanting to do something because it will make you scared or uncomfortable [bore, borne or US ALSO born ]

...Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it. [simpan-ingat]
....I don't know if I can bear to look


dawdling
(informal) -berlengah2-bermalas2-membuang2 masa
doing something very slowly, taking more time than you need to
dawdle - verb [I] to do something or go somewhere very slowly, taking more time than is necessary:

....Stop dawdling! You'll be late for school!
....She told her daughter to quit dawdling and get dressed or she'd be late for school.

on the line -
dalam bahaya
at risk. You might get something, you might not

....I didn't know his job was on the line.
....Almost 3 000 jobs have been lost recently, and a further 3 000 are on the line.

lay/put sth on the line
[mempertaruhkan sesuatu]
...I feel pretty strongly about the matter, but I'm not going to lay my career on the line for it.
.....His job is on the line.
....Firefighters regularly put their lives on the line.

ecstatic
very happy and excited - amat-sungguh gembira-

....The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd.


ecstasy
(EMOTION) noun [C or U]a state of extreme happiness, especially when feeling pleasure:

....sexual ecstasy
...She threw her head back as if in ecstasy [dgn ghairah]


noticeboard (US bulletin board)
a board on a wall on which people can put notices, adverts etc.

....I've put the list of players up on the noticeboard.

Idioms: money 7

Idioms use language metaphorically rather than literally. If you paid 'through the nose' for something, it means you paid too high a price for it (the metaphorical meaning) not that you paid for something with money that came out of the middle of your face (the literal meaning).

Idioms are also fixed groups of words so you can't change the wording of an idiom. For example, you can say 'That shop is a real rip off' to describe a shop that overcharges its customers but you can't say 'It's a real tear off'.

Idioms - rich and poor:


I'm so broke/I'm flat broke.
I don't have any money. [sudah pokai/betul2 kering]

....I can't go to the movies -- I'm flat broke.
...Is Social Security going broke (= changing to a condition in which it has no money)?.
...I can't afford to go on holiday this year - I'm (flat) broke.
...INFORMAL Many small businesses went broke (= lost all their money) during the recession. [gulung tikar]

I don't have a bean.
I don't have any money.

....Most people in the area are unemployed and don't have a bean to spend.


You need to tighten your belt.
You should try to spend less. [kurangkan belanja]

....I've had to tighten my belt since I stopped working full-time.


He's flush (with cash).
He's got a lot of money. [tengah kaya]

....I've just been paid so I'm feeling flush.
....The Pequot tribe in Connecticut is flush with millions from a new gambling casino.


She's rolling in it.
She's very rich. [melimpah2]

...If they can afford a yacht, they must be rolling in it.


Idioms - expensive and cheap:


We really splashed out on our new car.
We spent a lot of money on our new car [banyak habis duit disebabkan]-informal

....They splashed out £3000 on a holiday.
....The wedding was cheaper than we expected so we splashed out on a honeymoon in the Caribbean. [often + o]
....I hadn't been to a restaurant for ages so I decided to splash out.

This dress cost me an arm and a leg.
This dress was very expensive. [menghabiskan duit aku]

....I'd love to buy a Rolls-Royce, but they cost an arm and a leg.
....These shoes cost me an arm and a leg.

a small fortune INFORMAL
a large sum of money:

....You'll have to spend a small fortune in legal fees if you decide to sue for compensation.
.....Her hair ought to look good - she spends a small fortune on it.


it'll cost you INFORMAL
it will be very expensive:It'll cost you to have your roof mended.

This bag was dirt cheap.
This bag wasn't expensive. [ begitu murah]

.....This may seem like a great deal of money but in advertising terms it is dirt cheap.
...Used computers are dirt cheap (= very cheap).


daylight robbery noun [cekik darah]
[U] (US ALSO highway robbery) INFORMAL
a situation in which you are charged a lot too much for something:

.....£4 for an orange juice? That's just daylight robbery!
....I can't believe the price of a cup of coffee here. It's daylight robbery!
This cafe charges very high prices for its coffee
....Three pounds for an orange juice? It's daylight robbery!

rent (PAYMENT) noun [C/U]
a fixed amount of money paid or received regularly for the use of usually an apartment, house, or business space

...Rents in this building are ridiculously high.
...How much rent do you pay?
....Are there were any apartments for rent (= available) there?....

rent - verb [T]
....I rented a car for the trip to Boston.


rentalnoun [C/U] the act of renting, an amount paid in rent, or something rented

....boat/car rental

Word of the day [3]

butcher (ANIMALS) noun [C] - penyembelih daging/penjual daging
1- a person who sells meat in a shop

2- (UK ALSO butcher's) a shop where butchers work

butcher
verb [T] to cut an animal into pieces of meat


come (EXIST) verb [wujud-ada-terdapat]
[I + adverb or preposition; not continuous] came, come to exist or be available:

...Do these trousers come in any other colour?
...Runners come in all shapes and sizes - fat and thin, short and tall.
...This cuddly baby doll comes with her own blanket and bottle.
...They're the best sunglasses you can buy, but they don't come cheap (= they are expensive).

sustain verb [mengekalkan]
[T] 1 -CONTINUE to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time

...The team may not be able to sustain this level of performance.
...The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year.
...He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships with women.
....US The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer's objection.
2- to keep alive:
....The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to sustain a large population


sustainable - adjective

1- able to continue over a period of time:
....That sort of extreme diet is not sustainable over a long period.

2- causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time:
....A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable development in all countries.


meadow - noun [C or U] -padang rumput
a field with grass and often wild flowers in it:

.....There was a path through the meadow to the village
....We walked through fields and meadows.


acquire - verb [T] -dapat-terima
to obtain or begin to have (something)

.....His family acquired the property in 1985.
....She acquired her love of the outdoors as a child.
....He acquired the firm in 1978.
....I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket.
.....I seem to have acquired (= obtained although I don't know how) two copies of this book.
....During this period he acquired a reputation for being a womanizer

a bit ...-agak-boleh dikatakan
1- slightly:

...The dress is a bit too big for me.
...That was a bit silly, wasn't it?
...I'm a bit nervous.
...I was hoping there'd be some food - I'm a bit hungry.
...Would you like a bit more cake?
...It's a bit like a Swiss chalet.

2- UK very:

...Blimey, it's a bit cold!
...And she didn't invite him? That was a bit mean!

conjunction (COMBINATION) bersama
....There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book.
....Physicists are working in conjunction with engineers on the project.

Beijing - Moscow hotline 'used for first time'

BBC Learning English

In a world where emails and mobile devices mean you can always be in touch with the office, it seems strange that two of the world's most important military powers have only now started using a direct telephone link designed to make it easier for their senior officers to contact each other.

No doubt security concerns and diplomatic issues had to be resolved first. But in huge bureaucracies it's not always easy to get to the man in charge in a hurry.

The hotline will now make that easier, allowing what the Chinese describe as "timely communication on significant issues". Put simply they can now pick up the phone when there's a crisis and ask the Russians what's going on and what they're doing about it.

This first historic call was not so urgent apparently. The two soldiers exchanged views on the international and regional situation, bilateral relations and other issues of common concern.

There is still no hotline between China's Armed Forces and the Pentagon in Washington. The two countries' presidents first agreed to set one up nearly three years ago. A further agreement was signed between the two defence departments in February but since then progress on establishing it appears to have stalled.

Vocubulary

be in touch with
communicate with [berhubung-bergaul]

...He's not really in touch with what young people are interested in.
...I didn't look at a newspaper all the time I was on holiday, so I'm completely out of touch.
...Are you still in touch with Caroline? [usually + with] = have regular communication with someone by telephone, letter etc. [hubungi]
...Her family have kept in touch with me since her death. [often + with] =[masih menghubungi]
...Do stay in touch after you've moved, won't you?
....I've lost touch with all my old college friends. [often + with]
....Anyone who knew the victim should get in touch with the police. [usually + with]


security concerns [plural - noun SPECIALIZED]
worries about the safety of information

concern (WORRY) verb [T] to cause anxiety to someone:

....The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.
....[+ that] It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact

concern : noun [C or U]
1- a feeling of worry or nervousness, or something that worries you:

...Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.
...There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.
....[+ that] My concern is that you're not getting enough work done.

concerned : adjective worried:
....I'm a bit concerned about/for your health.
.....[+ (that)] Aren't you concerned (that) she might tell someone?
....[+ to infinitive] He was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving.
....Concerned parents have complained about the dangerous playground.
....Are you sure you're all right?" she asked concernedly.

diplomatic issues
political decisions about who can talk to whom

diplomatic : adjective

1- involving the management of the relationships between countries:
....diplomatic negotiations

2- APPROVING acting in a way that does not cause offence:
....Ask him nicely - be diplomatic.

Word of the day [2]

awful [adjective] - teruk - dahysat

1- very bad, of low quality, or unpleasant an awful place

...The film was absolutely awful.

2- an awful lot (of sth) INFORMAL [a large amount]

It cost an awful lot of money.

...He suffered awful injuries in the crash.
...We had awful weather.
....She's got an awful boss.
...What an awful thing to say!
...Would life be so awful without a car?
...The food was awful.
...She'd been ill and she looked awful.


handful INFORMAL [liar-pecicilan-bermasalah]
someone who is difficult to control, especially a child

...Daisy's only three and she's quite a handful.
...Her older son is fine but the little one is a bit of a handful
...Sam was an easygoing baby, but Rory is a real handful.


get -informal- verb [T] getting, got, got or US gotten INFORMAL
to become ill with a disease, virus, etc:

....I got food poisoning at that cheap little seafood restaurant.
....Kids get all kinds of bugs at school.
...Everyone seems to be getting the flu.


employee - noun [C] [pekerja]
someone who is paid to work for a person or company

....How many employees does the firm have?
...The number of employees in the company has trebled over the past decade.
...She's a former council employee/employee of the council.


employment -noun - [S or U] [pekerjaan-job-work]
1- when someone is paid to work for a company or organization:

....Employment levels are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year.How long have you been looking for employment?

2- FORMAL -be in employment-
to have a job: [ada kerja-bekerja]

....Are you in employment at the moment?


employ (PROVIDE JOB) -verb [T] to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it: [member kerja-menyediakan kerja-mengajikan]

....How many people does your company employ?
...Can't we employ someone as an assistant to help with all this paperwork?
....[+ to infinitive] We've employed a market researcher to find out what people really want from a cable TV system.
....More people are now employed in service industries than in manufacturing.


employer - noun - [C] - majikan
a person or organization that employs people:
....We need a reference from your former employer.

Word of the day [1]

foundations [plural noun]
the structures below the surface of the ground which support a building:

...The foundations will have to be reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further into the ground. [tapak]
...concrete foundations [the part of a building, road, bridge, etc that is under the ground and supports it ]

dig
(MOVE EARTH) -verb- digging, dug, dug [gali]

...Digging (in) the garden is good exercise. [to break up and move earth using a tool, a machine or your hands[

...The tunnel was dug with the aid of heavy machinery. [gali]
...The dog was digging a hole to hide its bone in. [korek]
...an archaeological dig [adj]
...Many students in London have to live in digs.[ lodgings / digs = a room in someone's house that you pay money to live in. [uk]

jar
(CONTAINER) noun [C]

...a jar of coffee/pickled onions
...a jam jar
...We often have a jar or two at the pub after work [UK INFORMAL a drink of beer]

uncover verb [T] = menemui / bongkar - korek
1- to discover something secret or hidden or remove something covering something else:

...The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.
...The biography is an attempt to uncover the inner man.

2- to find something buried under the ground by removing the earth on top of it: [terjumpa]

...Digging in her garden, she uncovered a hoard of gold dating back to the 9th century.


trade sth in phrasal verb [M] = menukar beli
to give something you own as part of your payment for something you buy, especially a new type of the same item:

...He recently traded in his Jeep for a red Mercedes.
..We got a good trade-in price for our old television. = [a method of buying something new by giving an item you own as part of the payment for it]

trade [verb]
[I or T; usually + adverb or preposition] to buy and sell goods or services, especially between countries: berdagang-berniaga-membawa dagangan]

...The company has been trading in oil for many years.
...The two countries have become close trading partners.
...Our books are traded right across Asia.
....For centuries, Native Americans traded with European settlers


work (ACTIVITY) noun [U]

...Adrian does most of the work around the house.
...All the furniture is the work of residents here.


underway, under way -adjective- [after verb]

1- If something is underway, it is happening now:

...Economic recovery is already underway.

2 get underway to begin:
...The film festival gets underway on 11th July.

colony noun [C]

1- a country or area controlled politically by a more powerful and often distant country:

Australia and New Zealand are former British colonies. [tanah jajahan]

unearth
verb [T] [bongkar /ditemui]

1- to discover something in the ground:
....Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month.

2 to discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching:
....A private detective has apparently unearthed some fresh evidence.

1- FIND BY DIGGING to find something in the ground [often passive] ...Thousands of dinosaur bones have been unearthed in China.

2- FIND to find something that has been secret or hidden
.....Reporters unearthed evidence of criminal activity.