BBC Learning English
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/1557_london_extra/page30.shtml
God knows INFORMAL
used to emphasize that you do not understand something at all or have absolutely no knowledge of something: -------------tuhan sahaja yg tahu-
.........God knows where he's put the keys!
........"What did he mean by that?" "God knows!"
Goodness/God/Heaven/Christ knows INFORMAL
used to mean 'I don't know' or to emphasize a statement. Some people may find this offensive:
best of all
this is the most pleasing thing: - paling baik - filem adalah yg paling baik
.............There was wonderful food, good company and, best of all, a jazz band.
you name it
used to say there are many things to choose from: - sebut saje
.....Gin, vodka, whisky, beer - you name it, I've got it.
.........I've tried every diet going - you name it, I've tried it.
........I've tried just about every diet there is going, you name it and I've done it.
...........What would you like? Gin, vodka, lager, wine? You name it, we've got it.
.......Coke, ginger ale, root beer -- you name it (= whatever you choose), I've got it.
..........God only knows what'll happen next!
..........Take your shirt off - Heaven knows it's hot enough today!
affectionate adjective
showing feelings of liking or love: -1------- pengasih- penyayang- dia memang seorang yg penyayang --------2- mesra - sapaan yg mesra-- senyuman mesra-
........an affectionate kiss
.....He's an affectionate little boy.
Anyway adverb (ALSO anyhow)
1 - whatever else is happening; not considering other things: -------1- walaubagainapun - walau bagaimanapun saudara sudah terlambat----------2- dgn cara apa jua, pun -----------------3- secara tidak teratur- dia meletakkan semula buku itu secara tidak teratur----------4- biarpun demikian--------4- sekurang2nya- -------- harapan kamu tipis, walau bagaimanapun kamu boleh cuba-
..........Of course I don't mind taking you home - I'm going that way anyway.
..........."I thought you said everyone had left." "Well, some of them have anyway.
.........."Her parents were opposed to her giving up her course, but she did it anyway.
2 - used in conversation to emphasize what is being said:
.........I don't have time to go and anyway it's too expensive.
..........What was he doing with so much of the company's money in his personal account anyway?
3 In conversation, anyway is also used to change the subject, return to an earlier subject or get to the most interesting point:
........Anyway, as I said, I'll be away next week.
........Anyway, in the end I didn't wear your jacket.
nickname noun [C]
an informal name for someone or something, especially a name which you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your proper name or your character: ---------1- nama pendek - nama ringkas---------2- nama panggilan- nama timang2an----------3- gelaran- nama julukan - gelaran dia bumpy sebab dia gemut-
...........We always use the nickname Beth for our daughter Elizabeth.
..........."Darwin" was the nickname he was given at high school, because of his interest in science.
nickname verb [T + object + noun]
.............The campsite has been nicknamed 'tent city' by visiting reporters.
---------1- memberi nama ringkas- rahimah diberi nama ringkas mah-----------2- memberi nama panggilan- James diberika nama panggilan Jim- dipanggil------------3- memberi nama timangan- ------------4- mengelar- Mereka mengelarnya si pendek-
for the best part of
for nearly ------------1- hampir - Saya menghabiskan masa hampir sepanjang pagi membersihkan rumah-
the best/better part ofmost of:
..............I spent the better part of a day cleaning that kitchen!
...........We waited on line for the better part of an hour.
..........He's been living in London for the best part of a year
a harbour
a place in the water where boats are kept
harbour (WATER)
harbour (HAVE IN MIND) -memendam
harbour (HIDE) - melindungi banduan-sembuyikan
harbour-master
harbour (WATER) UK, US harbor noun [C or U]
an area of water next to the coast, often protected from the sea by a thick wall, where ships and boats can shelter: --------1- pelabuhan-------------2- tempat perlindungan- tempat pelabuhan - rumah penginapa itu menjadi tempat perlindungan pengembara2 yg kepenatan-
.......Our hotel room overlooked a pretty little fishing harbour.
Compare dock (FOR SHIPS).
a mortgage
a legal agreement when you borrow money from a bank to buy a house - you have to pay back that money over a period of time
noun [C]
an agreement which allows you to borrow money from a bank or similar organization, especially in order to buy a house or apartment, or the amount of money itself - -------1- gadai janji - faedah gadai janji boleh dibayar sebulan sekali--------------2- pinjaman secara gadai janji - boleh mendapat pinjaman secara gadai janji sebnyak 100 000 dollar---------3- faedah gadai janji-
.............They took out a £40 000 mortgage (= They borrowed £40 000) to buy the house.
..........a monthly mortgage payment
........They took out a $90,000 mortgage to buy the house.
it strikes me that...
it seems to me that... I think that...
strike (CAUSE TO THINK) verb [T] struck, struck
If a thought or idea strikes you, you suddenly think of it: ------1- membuatkan- satu pandangan yg membuatkan kami kecut perut------------2- terlintas dikepala-dipemikiran - tiba2 terlintas dikepala saya bahawa kedua2 org itu duduk berdua-an- tidakkah pernah terlintas dikepala kamu bahawa kamu mungkin penyebab kepada masaalah itu- -------------3- rasa- pada saya dia nampak sedikit gementar, bagaimana pula kamu rasa kamu ttg dia-- saya rasa kita tidak perlu terburu2-
...........[+ that] It's just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets.
.............Sitting at her desk, she was struck by the thought that there must be something more to life. --------------1- menarik perhatian- tertarik- - yang menarik perhatiansaya ialah keazaman utk menyiapkan kerja itu-----------2- saya sangat tertarik dengan keindahan pulau tioman-
sort of INFORMAL
in some way or to some degree:I was sort of hoping to leave early today. ---------1- jenis- apa jenis kereta yg kamu pandu-- dia jenis wanita yg dikagumi-------jenis [orang ] dia jenis org baik-------------3- semacam- wanita itu pakai semacam kapas dan kepalanya ditutup seledang-- rumah itu semacam gegar- - -------------4- mmg - dia memng seorang guru tapi bukan guru yg baik----------------5- tu - memang tu menanglah tapi tapi tak memuaskan-
.......It's sort of silly, but I'd like a copy of the photograph.
sort (TYPE)
sort (ORDER)
sort (DEAL WITH)
sort (PERSON
sort (PERSON) noun [
C usually singular] SLIGHTLY OLD-FASHIONEDa person having the stated or suggested character:
.................He seemed like a decent sort to me.
down (LOWER POSITION) preposition, adverb
-----------1- turun- tiada siapa yg sudah turun-
about (CONNECTED WITH)
about (APPROXIMATELY)
about (IN THIS PLACE)
about (INTENDING)
about (INTENDING) adjective
be about to do sth to be going to do something very soon: ---------1- akan - hendak- baru saja - walau baru saja pukul 5-30 pagi, pihak penganjur sudah hendak berangkat----------2- tamu kita sudah berangkat--------3- ada -- tidak ada orang dijalan-
...........I was about to leave when Mark arrived.
.............She looked as if she was about to cry.
put years on sb
to make someone look or feel much older -----------1- membuat seseorang kelihatan tua-- kerja keras membuat dia kelihatan tua-
............The breakup of his marriage put years on him.
OPPOSITE take years off sb
.............Losing all that weight has taken years off her. -------1- membuat seseorang kelihatan lebih muda- potongan rambut ini mmbuat kamu kelihatan lebih muda-
comfort noun
1 [U] a pleasant feeling of being relaxed and free from pain: - ----------1- keselesaan- hidup dalam keselesaan---------------2- mewah - hiduo mewah-------3- kemudahan- pangsapuri ini mempunyai semua kemudahan modern-
.......She evidently dresses for comfort.
........It's a little too hot for comfort.
............Now you can watch the latest films in the comfort of your own room.
put my head in the oven.'
wander (WALK) verb [I or T]
to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction: ------1- menyimpang- dia menyimpng dari tajuk hingga kami tertanya2-----------2- merayau2--- kami merayau2 dihutan- lembu itu dibiarkan merayau2-----------3- mereka merayau2 tanpa tujuan
.......We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city. -merayu2
........She was found several hours later, wandering the streets, lost.
.........He was here a moment ago but he's wandered off somewhere. - menyimpang ketempat lain
fraction noun [C]
a number that results from dividing one whole number by another, or a small part of something:---------1- pecahan---------2- sebahagian kecil- hanya sebahagian kecil penuntut menghadiri kuliah-----------3- nyaris2- dia nyaris2 maut------------4- lebih sedikit- gaji kerja baru saya lebih sedikit [jauh lebih murah] dari pada gaji lama-----------5- dalam sekelip mata-
...........¼ and 0.25 are different ways of representing the same fraction.
...........Although sexual and violent crimes have increased by 10%, they remain only a tiny/small fraction of the total number of crimes committed each year.
..........They can produce it at a fraction of the cost of (= much more cheaply than) traditional methods.
go for sth (CHOOSE) phrasal verb
to choose something:
............Instead of butter, I always go for margarine or a low-fat spread.
sunset (SKY) noun [C]
the appearance of the sky in the evening before the sun goes down:
...........We sat on the beach watching a spectacular sunset.
look out (BE CAREFUL)
look sth out (FIND)
look out for sb/sth
look out for sb/sth phrasal verb
to try to notice someone or something: - -----1- cari------2- pandang- lihat - tengok-
...........Look out for Anna while you're there
must (PROBABLY) modal verb
used to show that something is very likely, probable or certain to be true:
...........Harry's been driving all day - he must be tired.
............There's no food left - we must have eaten it all.
.............When you got lost in the forest you must have been very frightened."You must know Frank." "No, I don't."
verb [T]
to make someone want to have or do something, especially something that is unnecessary or wrong: -----1- feel, be tempted to do - macam hendak - saya rasa macam hendak marah dia --- dia rasa macam hendak meningglkan negeri ini selama2nya-
...........The offer of a free car stereo tempted her into buying a new car.
...........[+ to infinitive] They tempted him to join the company by offering him a large salary and a company car.
London Life
From City to Sea
Jackie:
Hello, I'm Jackie Dalton. Have you ever wanted to escape your everydaylife and go and do something completely different? If you live in a house
in a big noisy city, like London, perhaps you could sell it and go and live
on a small boat. Well, one man has and he now lives on his boat just off
the southern English town of Brighton. We're going to hear from Brian
Bessy – well, that's his real name. But he also has a nickname – an
affectionate name used by people who know him. What's his nickname?
Albert
Anyway, my name is Brian, Brian Bessy. That's the real name, although I'm sort of affectionately known as Uncle Albert.
Jackie:
Did you catch Brian's nickname? He said he was affectionately known as
'Uncle Albert'. How long has Uncle Albert been living on the boat and
why did he move there?
Albert
I've been down here now for the best part of 12 years. I used to live in London. God knows what London's like these days, but I ended up on this. The family had grown up,nthe wife had passed on and I had this big house… cutting grass and decorating… and I thought who for? I'm going to go and live on the boat.
Jackie:
Did you get those answers? Uncle Albert says he's lived on the boat for
the best part of 12 years – which means nearly 12 years. 'For the best part
of…' So why did he decide to move there from London? Because his
wife had died, his children had grown up and he was left on his own in a
big house – which seemed silly when it was just him.
BBC Learning English.com
Is Albert glad he decided to leave London and live on a boat in Brighton?
Albert
Best decision I've ever made. Put years on me I think. I often look back and I think 'If I'd have stayed up there I'd have probably put my head in the oven.'
Jackie:
Uncle Albert says it was the best decision he ever made. So he's pretty
pleased he moved. But, surely, after life in a big house in London, it
must be a bit uncomfortable living on a boat. Does Albert agree? What
can you do on a boat that you can't do in a house? Listen to find out.
Albert
All these boats have got all the comforts that [are] required for living on board: microwaves, televisions, fridges, you name it. If you don't like your neighbours, you can go and park somewhere else or wander off to another harbour.
Jackie:
Uncle Albert says on a boat you have all the comforts you need – a
television, a microwave and so on and, perhaps best of all, if you don't
like your neighbours, you can go somewhere else or park in a different
harbour – a harbour – a place where boats are kept. Albert thinks it's a
great lifestyle and, as he's about to tell us, he doesn't understand why
more people don't do it…
Albert
One of the things that always strikes me is the fact that, this being a lovely way to live, you'd think there would be more young couples… instead of trying to raise a mortgage, which is hard for them, a boat is a fraction of the cost and the life itself is ten times better, you know, so…
Jackie:
Well, he's got a point, hasn't he? A mortgage is a legal agreement when
you borrow money from a bank to buy a house and you have to pay back
that money over a period of time. And I can tell you, living in London at
the moment, if you want to buy a house here you've got to have a pretty
big mortgage as housing is very expensive. So, as Uncle Albert argues,
why get a big mortgage when you can go and live on a boat?
Albert
One of the things that always strikes me is…
Jackie:
One of the things that always strikes me is…' that's a nice phrase. It's a
way of saying 'Something that I find interesting or surprising…'
Albert
One of the things that always strikes me is…
Jackie:
Let’s listen to Albert again. What are some of the other things he likes
about being on the boat?
Albert
There's a lot going for living on board. I love everything that's down here. I love these lovely nights, the lovely sunsets. People pay for this, you know, they ask me silly questions like 'Where do you go for your holiday?' and I look out here and I look at them and I think: 'Every day is a holiday
Jackie:
Albert loves the nights and the sunsets, and when people ask where he
goes on holiday he thinks it's a silly question. Every day is a holiday!
And how right he must be. In fact, I'm almost feeling tempted myself.
Perhaps when London gets all too much, I'll go and ask Uncle Albert for
some advice on the best model of boat to buy.
BBC Learning English.com
Saturday, 31 January 2009
Friday, 30 January 2009
Suffixes 2
Suffixes are added to the end of words in order to change the word class. For example, from the verb 'to photograph something' you can make the adjective 'photographic', the nouns 'photographer' and 'photography' and the adverb 'photographically'.
In this case, there are two nouns: 'Photographer' is the person who takes a photograph. 'Photography' is the subject or activity of taking photographs. There are many suffixes which can be used to form nouns. Here is a selection of those with an indication of what type of noun they produce.
These nouns often refer to slightly abstract ideas such as states or processes, rather than to concrete objects and things.
-er, -or, -ian, -ent, -ant: a person who does something
photographer, interpreter
translator, inventor
electrician, politician
student, patient
assistant, immigrant
-ant (PERFORM) suffix (ALSO -ent)
(a person or thing) performing or causing the stated action:
assistant
participant
disinfectant
an expectant look
a defiant child
-er (PERFORMER) suffix (ALSO -or)
added to some verbs to form nouns which refer to people or things that do that particular activity:
a singer (= a person who sings)
a swimmer (= a person who swims)
a dishwasher (= a machine or person that washes dishes)
an actor (= a person who acts)
Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.
-ist: a person who specialises in an activity or area of study, or who is a member of a group with particular beliefs
artist, psychologist
feminist, communist
I would love to be an artist, but sadly I can't draw very well!
-ist suffix
used to form adjectives and nouns which describe (a person with) a particular set of beliefs or way of behaving:
Marxist philosophy
a feminist
a sexist
Compare -ite.
-ee: a person who has something done to him or her
interviewee, employee
I don't want to be an employee all my life. I'm going to start my own business and become an employer!
-ee (OBJECT) suffix
added to a verb to form a noun which refers to the person to whom the action of the verb is being done:
an employee (= someone who is employed)
the payee (= a person to whom money is paid)
an interviewee (= someone who is being interviewed for a job)
-ee (CONDITION) suffix
added to an adjective, noun or verb to refer to a person who is in that condition or state:
a refugee (= someone who has taken refuge)
an escapee (= someone who has escaped)
-hood: a state that is closely associated with a period of time
childhood, adulthood, motherhood
-hood
suffix
used to form nouns describing the state of being a particular thing:
priesthood
childhood/manhood
nationhood
-ology: a subject (often academic) of study
biology, psychology, criminology, sociology
Is sociology an Arts or a Sciences subject at university?
-ology suffix
the scientific study of a particular subject:
geology
climatology
-ological suffix
biological
technological
-ologist suffix
archaeologist
-ion: a state or activity
exhibition, institution
investigation, action
-ion (ACTION) suffix (ALSO -ation or -ition)
added to verbs to form nouns showing action or condition:
obsession
restoration
repetition
The police started their investigation last week, but they haven't found any clues yet.
-age: a state or process
shortage, storage
-age (ACTION) suffix
used to form nouns which refer to the action or result of something:
blockage
shrinkage
wastage
All breakages must be paid for.
-age (STATE) suffix
used to form nouns which refer to a state or condition:
bondage
marriage
shortage
-age (PLACE) suffix
used to form nouns which are names of places:
orphanag
evicarage
In some countries there is a shortage of water which means they can't grow crops and therefore many people go hungry.
-ness suffix
added to adjectives to form nouns which refer to a quality or a condition:
happiness
sadness
nervousnes
sselfishness
kindness
Happiness is good for your health, which is why some people say that laughter is the best medicine.
In this case, there are two nouns: 'Photographer' is the person who takes a photograph. 'Photography' is the subject or activity of taking photographs. There are many suffixes which can be used to form nouns. Here is a selection of those with an indication of what type of noun they produce.
These nouns often refer to slightly abstract ideas such as states or processes, rather than to concrete objects and things.
-er, -or, -ian, -ent, -ant: a person who does something
photographer, interpreter
translator, inventor
electrician, politician
student, patient
assistant, immigrant
-ant (PERFORM) suffix (ALSO -ent)
(a person or thing) performing or causing the stated action:
assistant
participant
disinfectant
an expectant look
a defiant child
-er (PERFORMER) suffix (ALSO -or)
added to some verbs to form nouns which refer to people or things that do that particular activity:
a singer (= a person who sings)
a swimmer (= a person who swims)
a dishwasher (= a machine or person that washes dishes)
an actor (= a person who acts)
Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.
-ist: a person who specialises in an activity or area of study, or who is a member of a group with particular beliefs
artist, psychologist
feminist, communist
I would love to be an artist, but sadly I can't draw very well!
-ist suffix
used to form adjectives and nouns which describe (a person with) a particular set of beliefs or way of behaving:
Marxist philosophy
a feminist
a sexist
Compare -ite.
-ee: a person who has something done to him or her
interviewee, employee
I don't want to be an employee all my life. I'm going to start my own business and become an employer!
-ee (OBJECT) suffix
added to a verb to form a noun which refers to the person to whom the action of the verb is being done:
an employee (= someone who is employed)
the payee (= a person to whom money is paid)
an interviewee (= someone who is being interviewed for a job)
-ee (CONDITION) suffix
added to an adjective, noun or verb to refer to a person who is in that condition or state:
a refugee (= someone who has taken refuge)
an escapee (= someone who has escaped)
-hood: a state that is closely associated with a period of time
childhood, adulthood, motherhood
-hood
suffix
used to form nouns describing the state of being a particular thing:
priesthood
childhood/manhood
nationhood
-ology: a subject (often academic) of study
biology, psychology, criminology, sociology
Is sociology an Arts or a Sciences subject at university?
-ology suffix
the scientific study of a particular subject:
geology
climatology
-ological suffix
biological
technological
-ologist suffix
archaeologist
-ion: a state or activity
exhibition, institution
investigation, action
-ion (ACTION) suffix (ALSO -ation or -ition)
added to verbs to form nouns showing action or condition:
obsession
restoration
repetition
The police started their investigation last week, but they haven't found any clues yet.
-age: a state or process
shortage, storage
-age (ACTION) suffix
used to form nouns which refer to the action or result of something:
blockage
shrinkage
wastage
All breakages must be paid for.
-age (STATE) suffix
used to form nouns which refer to a state or condition:
bondage
marriage
shortage
-age (PLACE) suffix
used to form nouns which are names of places:
orphanag
evicarage
In some countries there is a shortage of water which means they can't grow crops and therefore many people go hungry.
-ness suffix
added to adjectives to form nouns which refer to a quality or a condition:
happiness
sadness
nervousnes
sselfishness
kindness
Happiness is good for your health, which is why some people say that laughter is the best medicine.
Wednesday, 28 January 2009
Episode 99: Girl Talk
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/episode99/index.shtml
Learning English - The Flatmates
look at sth (THINK)
look at sth (READ)
look at sth (EXAMINE)
look at sth (OPINION)
-1---------- patut dikaji- idea itu patut dikaji- 2------ semak-- saya akan cuba semak draf awak- 3---------lihat- kita harus lihat persoalan ini dari pelbagai sudut--4-------------- menimbang- saya akan menimbang cadangan itu-- 5---------- menilai-metaksir- tukang emas itu pandai menilai,mentaksir permata ini--
mess (UNTIDINESS) noun
-1------- kotor- tidak teratur-- rumah saya hari kotor dan tidak teratur- 2------------- [keadaan] kucar kacir- serabut- dia harus menyelesaikan kedaan kucar-kacir dalam pejabatnya- 3- ----------------- tidak kemas-comot- dia sentiasa kelihatan comot- 4------------------- bercelaru- sistem yg bercelaru membuatkan saya jengkel--5----------- najis-
1- [S or U] Something or someone that is a mess or is in a mess, looks dirty or untidy:
.....He makes a terrible mess when he's cooking.
........Jem's house is always in a mess.
........Go and clear up that mess in the kitchen.
........Ian can't stand mess.
.........I look a mess - I can't go out like this!
...........My hair's such a mess today!
2 - [S] a situation that is full of problems:
.........She said that her life was a mess.
.........I got myself into a mess by telling a lie.
.......The company's finances are in a mess.
ever (AT ANY TIME) adverb
at any time:
.......Nothing ever happens here in the evenings.Have you ever been to London?
........If you're ever/If ever you're in Cambridge, do give me a ring.
........He hardly ever (= almost never) washes the dishes and he rarely, if ever, (= probably never) does any cleaning.
........When there's a James Bond film on TV, I never ever miss it.
........If ever there was a cause for celebration, this peace treaty was it.
.......The smell is worse than ever.
........I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ever heard of her.
poor (NO MONEY)
poor (BAD)
poor (DESERVING SYMPATHY)
-1------ miskin- susah- org susah,miskin - 2------------- sedikit,sgt kurang- hasil tuai tahun ini sgt sedikit- 3--------------- tidak baik- hasil kerja agak kurang baik- 4--------tidak sedap- makanan ini tidak sedap- 5-------------- tidak subur- tanah ini tidak subur- 6-------------- buruk [ cuaca] -7- ----------tidak menyeronokannya-
I didn't see it coming
I didn't realise this was going to happen. It wasn't obvious to me
see sth coming
to expect something to happen:to see that something is likely to happen, especially something bad - kami dah jangka ianya akan berlaku
.......No one else had expected the factory to close, but we saw it coming.
...... i wasn't surprised when the company closed down. You could see it coming.
down (IN WRITING) adverb
in writing or on paper: - 1--------------catat-tulis- saya sudah tulis nombor teliponnya-
.......I'll write it down now so I won't forget.
.........Do you have it down in writing/on paper, or was it just a verbal agreement?
.........I've got/put you down for (= have written that you want) three tickets each.
.............The police officers were taking down the names of witnesses.
As if! INFORMAL
said to show that you do not believe something is possible: - -------1- macamlah - masakan--- takkanlah - takkan kamu tak tahu
..........Did you get a pay rise?" "As if!"
as if/though
used to describe how a situation seems to be:----------1- seolah2 - seakan - seperti- - kepalanya terasa seakan2 di belah dua-
........She looked as if she'd had some bad news.
...........I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.They stared at me as if I was crazy.
be (down) in black and white
to be written down: -------1- secara hitam putih - saya janji kamu secara hitam putih-
.........I couldn't believe it was true, but there it was, in black and white.
.........I wouldn't have believed him capable of fraud, but there it was, in black and white.
to see it down in black and white
to read something written in a letter, book, newspaper etc.
the brunt of it
the main force of something unpleasant
bear/take the brunt of sth
to receive the worst part of something unpleasant or harmful, such as an attack -----------1- menerima bahagian yg paling hebat- -- menteri itulah yg menerima bahagian yang hebat dari serangan penentangnya
..........The oldest parts of the town bore the brunt of the missile attacks.
brunt noun
the brunt of the main force of something unpleasant:
.............The infantry have taken/borne the brunt of the missile attacks.
..........Small companies are feeling the full brunt of the recession.
............He claimed that the middle class would bear the brunt of the tax increase.
I went off on one (informal)
I became very angry and lost my temper - ---------1- tidak suka lagi - saya tidak suka lagi telur
go off sb/sth (STOP LIKING) phrasal verb
to stop liking or being interested in someone or something:
..........I went off beefburgers after I got food poisoning from a take-away.
............I went off Peter when he said those dreadful things about Clare.
Learning English - The Flatmates
look at sth (THINK)
look at sth (READ)
look at sth (EXAMINE)
look at sth (OPINION)
-1---------- patut dikaji- idea itu patut dikaji- 2------ semak-- saya akan cuba semak draf awak- 3---------lihat- kita harus lihat persoalan ini dari pelbagai sudut--4-------------- menimbang- saya akan menimbang cadangan itu-- 5---------- menilai-metaksir- tukang emas itu pandai menilai,mentaksir permata ini--
mess (UNTIDINESS) noun
-1------- kotor- tidak teratur-- rumah saya hari kotor dan tidak teratur- 2------------- [keadaan] kucar kacir- serabut- dia harus menyelesaikan kedaan kucar-kacir dalam pejabatnya- 3- ----------------- tidak kemas-comot- dia sentiasa kelihatan comot- 4------------------- bercelaru- sistem yg bercelaru membuatkan saya jengkel--5----------- najis-
1- [S or U] Something or someone that is a mess or is in a mess, looks dirty or untidy:
.....He makes a terrible mess when he's cooking.
........Jem's house is always in a mess.
........Go and clear up that mess in the kitchen.
........Ian can't stand mess.
.........I look a mess - I can't go out like this!
...........My hair's such a mess today!
2 - [S] a situation that is full of problems:
.........She said that her life was a mess.
.........I got myself into a mess by telling a lie.
.......The company's finances are in a mess.
ever (AT ANY TIME) adverb
at any time:
.......Nothing ever happens here in the evenings.Have you ever been to London?
........If you're ever/If ever you're in Cambridge, do give me a ring.
........He hardly ever (= almost never) washes the dishes and he rarely, if ever, (= probably never) does any cleaning.
........When there's a James Bond film on TV, I never ever miss it.
........If ever there was a cause for celebration, this peace treaty was it.
.......The smell is worse than ever.
........I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ever heard of her.
poor (NO MONEY)
poor (BAD)
poor (DESERVING SYMPATHY)
-1------ miskin- susah- org susah,miskin - 2------------- sedikit,sgt kurang- hasil tuai tahun ini sgt sedikit- 3--------------- tidak baik- hasil kerja agak kurang baik- 4--------tidak sedap- makanan ini tidak sedap- 5-------------- tidak subur- tanah ini tidak subur- 6-------------- buruk [ cuaca] -7- ----------tidak menyeronokannya-
I didn't see it coming
I didn't realise this was going to happen. It wasn't obvious to me
see sth coming
to expect something to happen:to see that something is likely to happen, especially something bad - kami dah jangka ianya akan berlaku
.......No one else had expected the factory to close, but we saw it coming.
...... i wasn't surprised when the company closed down. You could see it coming.
down (IN WRITING) adverb
in writing or on paper: - 1--------------catat-tulis- saya sudah tulis nombor teliponnya-
.......I'll write it down now so I won't forget.
.........Do you have it down in writing/on paper, or was it just a verbal agreement?
.........I've got/put you down for (= have written that you want) three tickets each.
.............The police officers were taking down the names of witnesses.
As if! INFORMAL
said to show that you do not believe something is possible: - -------1- macamlah - masakan--- takkanlah - takkan kamu tak tahu
..........Did you get a pay rise?" "As if!"
as if/though
used to describe how a situation seems to be:----------1- seolah2 - seakan - seperti- - kepalanya terasa seakan2 di belah dua-
........She looked as if she'd had some bad news.
...........I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.They stared at me as if I was crazy.
be (down) in black and white
to be written down: -------1- secara hitam putih - saya janji kamu secara hitam putih-
.........I couldn't believe it was true, but there it was, in black and white.
.........I wouldn't have believed him capable of fraud, but there it was, in black and white.
to see it down in black and white
to read something written in a letter, book, newspaper etc.
the brunt of it
the main force of something unpleasant
bear/take the brunt of sth
to receive the worst part of something unpleasant or harmful, such as an attack -----------1- menerima bahagian yg paling hebat- -- menteri itulah yg menerima bahagian yang hebat dari serangan penentangnya
..........The oldest parts of the town bore the brunt of the missile attacks.
brunt noun
the brunt of the main force of something unpleasant:
.............The infantry have taken/borne the brunt of the missile attacks.
..........Small companies are feeling the full brunt of the recession.
............He claimed that the middle class would bear the brunt of the tax increase.
I went off on one (informal)
I became very angry and lost my temper - ---------1- tidak suka lagi - saya tidak suka lagi telur
go off sb/sth (STOP LIKING) phrasal verb
to stop liking or being interested in someone or something:
..........I went off beefburgers after I got food poisoning from a take-away.
............I went off Peter when he said those dreadful things about Clare.
Episode 40: Right or wrong?
Learning English - The Flatmates
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/episode24/index.shtml
turn out (GO) phrasal verb
If people turn out for an event, they go to be there or to watch:------------1- datang - hadir - pengundi datang beramai2 ke pusat mengundi ------------2- muncul -
..........Thousands of people turned out to welcome the England team home.
............Compare turn up (APPEAR).
................Good weather on polling day should ensure a good turnout. -noun
have (MUST) modal verb
have (got) to do sth to need to or be forced:
.......I have to go to Manchester tomorrow on business.
..........What time have you got to be there?
..........Do we have to finish this today?
..........We'll have to start keeping detailed records.
...........Jackie's ill so they've had to change their plans.
morals (n):
beliefs about the correct or right way to behave and treat other people ----------- prinsip2 apa yg betul dan apa yg salah- penguasan mengetahui apa yg betul dan apa yg salah- kesusilaan- prinsip moral - moralnya tinggi-------- baik dan berbudi- dia seorang bermoral--------- kesedaran- moral- berikan sokongan mora----------
moral adjective
1 -relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. which each person believes in, rather than to laws:
..........It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.
..........It is not part of a novelist's job to make a moral judgment.
.........She was the only politician to condemn the proposed law on moral grounds (= for moral reasons). - berdasarkan prinsip moral
.........The Democrats are attempting to capture the moral high ground (= are trying to appear more honest and good than the other political parties).
suppose (THINK LIKELY)
verb 1 [T] to think that something is likely to be true: 1--------------- dikatakan- batu itu dikatakan ada kuasa- intan berlian sahaja dikatakan 1 milion-2--------------- mesti - pekerja pejabat mesti berada di meja selewat2nya pukul 7.00 pagi-3--------dibenarkan- pelajar tidak dibenarkan masuk-4--------sepatutnya- awak sepatutnya menolong bukan timbulkan masalah-
......Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.
.......It is widely supposed (that) the minister will be forced to resign.
verb [T] stuck, stuck UK INFORMAL to bear or accept something or someone unpleasant: -1--------tahan- saya sudah tidak tahan duduk tempat ini
.........I don't think I can stick this job a day longer.
..........[+ ing form of verb] I don't know how you can stick living in this place.
to stick
t-1-------------tetap- terus- saya tetap dengan keputusan itu- ------ ikut- berpegang- jika berpegang kepda kebenaran, kamu berjaya-
stick to sth phrasal verb
1 - to limit yourself to doing or using one particular thing and not change to anything else:
.........Could you stick to the point, please?
.........We'd better stick to the main road, because the other roads are blocked with snow.
2 -If you stick to a law, rule or promise, you obey it or do what it states:
.............If you make a promise, you should stick to it.
3 US FOR stick at
cheat verb
[I or T] to behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want: - 1------------menipu - dia menipu dalam peperiksaan- - dia menipu pelanggan2nya-2------------terlepas dari maut-lari
..........Anyone caught cheating will be immediately disqualified from the exam.
...........He cheats at cards?
..........She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front.
...........I suspect he cheats the taxman (= avoids paying taxes by using illegal methods).
to have someone over a barrel (idiom):
to give someone no choice about what s/he will do
have sb over a barrel INFORMAL
to put someone in a very difficult situation in which they have no choice about what they do:
............She knows I need the work so she's got me over a barrel in terms of what she pays me.
A friend in need is a friend indeed (idiom):
If someone helps you when you are having a problem that means s/he is a true friend
A friend in need (is a friend indeed). SAYINGThis means that a friend who helps you when you really need help is a true friend.
..........She looked after my dogs while I was in hospital. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
listen out for sth phrasal verb
to make an effort to hear a noise that you are expecting: -1----------- mendengar2kan- tolong dengar2kan nenek kalau dia hendak sesuatu- 2-------------listen for- pasang telingan - pemburu itu berdiri tegak, pasang telinga kalau ada bunyi rusa dalam semak itu-
.......Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the garden?
listen (out) for sth phrasal verb
to try to hear something
.........Could you listen out for the phone while I'm upstairs?
.........Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the bath?
two-faced adjective DISAPPROVING
describes someone who is not sincere, saying unpleasant things about you to other people while seeming to be pleasant when they are with you: - 1--------------suka bermuka2- bermuka2 -- hati2 dgn dia, dia suka bermuka2-
........I don't trust her - I suspect she's a bit two-faced.
.......Have you seen what he wrote about us? He seemed so nice when we spoke on the phone - what a two-faced bastard!
.......He's a dirty, two-faced cheater.
ever (EMPHASIS) adverb
1 used for emphasizing an adjective: - 1------- pula - dimana pula kamu jumpa benda itu- kenapa pula kamu melakukan- 2---------------penah- ini lah kasut kulit yg terbaik yg penah saya buat--3- ---------sentiasa- saya sentiasa sibuk-
.......The orchestra is to perform its last ever concert/last concert ever tomorrow night at the Albert Hall.
.........Yesterday the company announced its first ever fall in profits.
..........Was she ever a fast runner! (= She was a very fast runner!)
..........."Are you looking forward to your vacation?" "Am I ever! (= Yes, very much!)"
2- in questions, used to emphasize the question word:
.....How ever did he manage that?
.......What ever have you done to him?
........Why ever would anyone/Why would anyone ever want to hurt her?
3- UK SLIGHTLY INFORMAL ever so/ever such a very/a very:
.....She's ever so pretty.
......She's ever such a pretty girl.
Episode 40: Right or wrong?
Michal: You did what?
Helen: I had to Michal. I had no choice.
Michal: Haven't you got any morals? You know that you're supposed to stick to your friends.
Helen: How could I? He cheated. The professor knew. She had me over a barrel.
Michal: How you say in English? 'A friend in need is a friend indeed'? You didn't turn out to be a very good friend, did you?
Helen: Listen Michal
Michal: No, you listen for a change. You're selfish and two-faced Helen. It makes me worry about what you're saying about me behind my back. Now, leave me alone. I don't ever want to speak to you again!
Helen: Oh no Michal
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/episode24/index.shtml
turn out (GO) phrasal verb
If people turn out for an event, they go to be there or to watch:------------1- datang - hadir - pengundi datang beramai2 ke pusat mengundi ------------2- muncul -
..........Thousands of people turned out to welcome the England team home.
............Compare turn up (APPEAR).
................Good weather on polling day should ensure a good turnout. -noun
have (MUST) modal verb
have (got) to do sth to need to or be forced:
.......I have to go to Manchester tomorrow on business.
..........What time have you got to be there?
..........Do we have to finish this today?
..........We'll have to start keeping detailed records.
...........Jackie's ill so they've had to change their plans.
morals (n):
beliefs about the correct or right way to behave and treat other people ----------- prinsip2 apa yg betul dan apa yg salah- penguasan mengetahui apa yg betul dan apa yg salah- kesusilaan- prinsip moral - moralnya tinggi-------- baik dan berbudi- dia seorang bermoral--------- kesedaran- moral- berikan sokongan mora----------
moral adjective
1 -relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. which each person believes in, rather than to laws:
..........It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.
..........It is not part of a novelist's job to make a moral judgment.
.........She was the only politician to condemn the proposed law on moral grounds (= for moral reasons). - berdasarkan prinsip moral
.........The Democrats are attempting to capture the moral high ground (= are trying to appear more honest and good than the other political parties).
suppose (THINK LIKELY)
verb 1 [T] to think that something is likely to be true: 1--------------- dikatakan- batu itu dikatakan ada kuasa- intan berlian sahaja dikatakan 1 milion-2--------------- mesti - pekerja pejabat mesti berada di meja selewat2nya pukul 7.00 pagi-3--------dibenarkan- pelajar tidak dibenarkan masuk-4--------sepatutnya- awak sepatutnya menolong bukan timbulkan masalah-
......Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.
.......It is widely supposed (that) the minister will be forced to resign.
verb [T] stuck, stuck UK INFORMAL to bear or accept something or someone unpleasant: -1--------tahan- saya sudah tidak tahan duduk tempat ini
.........I don't think I can stick this job a day longer.
..........[+ ing form of verb] I don't know how you can stick living in this place.
to stick
t-1-------------tetap- terus- saya tetap dengan keputusan itu- ------ ikut- berpegang- jika berpegang kepda kebenaran, kamu berjaya-
stick to sth phrasal verb
1 - to limit yourself to doing or using one particular thing and not change to anything else:
.........Could you stick to the point, please?
.........We'd better stick to the main road, because the other roads are blocked with snow.
2 -If you stick to a law, rule or promise, you obey it or do what it states:
.............If you make a promise, you should stick to it.
3 US FOR stick at
cheat verb
[I or T] to behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want: - 1------------menipu - dia menipu dalam peperiksaan- - dia menipu pelanggan2nya-2------------terlepas dari maut-lari
..........Anyone caught cheating will be immediately disqualified from the exam.
...........He cheats at cards?
..........She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front.
...........I suspect he cheats the taxman (= avoids paying taxes by using illegal methods).
to have someone over a barrel (idiom):
to give someone no choice about what s/he will do
have sb over a barrel INFORMAL
to put someone in a very difficult situation in which they have no choice about what they do:
............She knows I need the work so she's got me over a barrel in terms of what she pays me.
A friend in need is a friend indeed (idiom):
If someone helps you when you are having a problem that means s/he is a true friend
A friend in need (is a friend indeed). SAYINGThis means that a friend who helps you when you really need help is a true friend.
..........She looked after my dogs while I was in hospital. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
listen out for sth phrasal verb
to make an effort to hear a noise that you are expecting: -1----------- mendengar2kan- tolong dengar2kan nenek kalau dia hendak sesuatu- 2-------------listen for- pasang telingan - pemburu itu berdiri tegak, pasang telinga kalau ada bunyi rusa dalam semak itu-
.......Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the garden?
listen (out) for sth phrasal verb
to try to hear something
.........Could you listen out for the phone while I'm upstairs?
.........Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the bath?
two-faced adjective DISAPPROVING
describes someone who is not sincere, saying unpleasant things about you to other people while seeming to be pleasant when they are with you: - 1--------------suka bermuka2- bermuka2 -- hati2 dgn dia, dia suka bermuka2-
........I don't trust her - I suspect she's a bit two-faced.
.......Have you seen what he wrote about us? He seemed so nice when we spoke on the phone - what a two-faced bastard!
.......He's a dirty, two-faced cheater.
ever (EMPHASIS) adverb
1 used for emphasizing an adjective: - 1------- pula - dimana pula kamu jumpa benda itu- kenapa pula kamu melakukan- 2---------------penah- ini lah kasut kulit yg terbaik yg penah saya buat--3- ---------sentiasa- saya sentiasa sibuk-
.......The orchestra is to perform its last ever concert/last concert ever tomorrow night at the Albert Hall.
.........Yesterday the company announced its first ever fall in profits.
..........Was she ever a fast runner! (= She was a very fast runner!)
..........."Are you looking forward to your vacation?" "Am I ever! (= Yes, very much!)"
2- in questions, used to emphasize the question word:
.....How ever did he manage that?
.......What ever have you done to him?
........Why ever would anyone/Why would anyone ever want to hurt her?
3- UK SLIGHTLY INFORMAL ever so/ever such a very/a very:
.....She's ever so pretty.
......She's ever such a pretty girl.
Episode 40: Right or wrong?
Michal: You did what?
Helen: I had to Michal. I had no choice.
Michal: Haven't you got any morals? You know that you're supposed to stick to your friends.
Helen: How could I? He cheated. The professor knew. She had me over a barrel.
Michal: How you say in English? 'A friend in need is a friend indeed'? You didn't turn out to be a very good friend, did you?
Helen: Listen Michal
Michal: No, you listen for a change. You're selfish and two-faced Helen. It makes me worry about what you're saying about me behind my back. Now, leave me alone. I don't ever want to speak to you again!
Helen: Oh no Michal
Laptop learning in Italy
Learning English - Words in the News
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/newsenglish/witn/2008/10/081008_italy_laptops.shtml
elementary school
a school that provides the first part of a child's education (usually for children aged 5 - 11)
turned up
here, came to school ----- datang- 200 orang datang kemesyuarat itu-------muncul- dari 200 org dijemput, 100 org saje yg muncul--------dijumpai- anak mereka yg hilang dijumpai di italy- jag risau dokumen yg akan dijumpai--------wujud- mesti ada peluang wujud
turn up (somewhere) (APPEAR) phrasal verb [M] INFORMALto arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in way that was not planned:
.......Do you think many people will turn up?
.......She turned up at my house late one night.
grade
a class or group of classes in a school where all the children are of a similar age and/or ability - ------- peringkat pelajar berdasarkan umur-tahun--dia dalam tahun kelima--------kualiti-gred- dia beli telur kualiti yg tinggi-------pangkat- saya dapat pangkat 1 dalam spm dan dapat pangkat A dalam Bahasa melayu--------peringkat[masyarakat]- orang dari setiap peringkat masyarakat-
grade (SCHOOL) noun [C] US
.......Jackie is in the sixth grade
UK Carla got a grade A in German.
-grader suffix US
.......an eighth-grader (= a student in the eighth level of school)
curriculum
all the subjects taught at a school, college, university etc. The word 'curriculum' can also be used to mean the same as 'syllabus', i.e. the topics or books studied within a subject
curriculum noun [C] plural curricula or curriculums
the group of subjects studied in a school, college, etc:
the school curriculum
See also the national curriculum. Compare syllabus.
access to
here, ability to surf/search/use ------ hak masuk-- menuntuk hak masuk kesebuah bangunan---------[dinafikan-] kesempatan- pelajar tidak diberi kesempatan menggunakan library---------jalan- satu2nya jalan menghubungi prof itu-------- kemudahan- dia mahukan kemudahan utk tengok fail2 itu------hak-peluang-- peluan utk mengetahui maklumat itu-
access noun [U]
the method or possibility of approaching a place or person, or the right to use or look at something:
......The only access to the village is by boat.
.......The main access to (= entrance to) the building is at the side.
........The tax inspector had/gained complete access to the company files.
.........The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.
............The children's father was refused access to them at any time (= refused official permission to see them).
are waterproof
cannot be damaged by water - kalis air-
waterproof adjective
not allowing water to go through:
........Canvas boots are all right but they're not as waterproof as leather.
waterproof noun [C] MAINLY UK - baju hujan kalis air
a coat or other item of clothing which keeps you dry because it does not allow water in
the equivalent of
the sum of money that amounts to/equals ------- sama seperti- yg setara- padanan untuk- Sirim, institusi yg sama spt British Standards Instituition-- satu keping keju sama seperti segelas susu-- apakah padanan yg tepat dalam b.melayu bagi perkataan ini.------- sama [nilainya] wang ini sama nilainya dgn ringgit malaysia-
equivalent adjective
having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc:
......She's doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money.
........Is $50 equivalent to about £30?
equivalent noun [C usually singular]
.......There is no English equivalent for 'bon appetit' so we have adopted the French expression.
.......Ten thousand people a year die of the disease - that's the equivalent of the population of this town.
involved in the scheme
taking part in the experiment
to verify
to prove that something is true or not ------membuktikan[kebenaran dn ketepatan sesuatu] - saksi itu tidak membuktikan kebenaran kenyataan------mengesahkan- ini hanya mengesahkan teori saya-
......Are you able to verify your account/allegation/report/theory?
........These figures are surprisingly high and they'll have to be verified.
.........[+ (that)] Under interrogation, she verified (that) the tapes were authentic.
backing noun [U]
support, encouragement ------- sokongan- projek ini perlu sokongan jawatankuasa tersebut-
1 - support, especially money, that someone gives a person or plan:
.......If I go ahead with the plan, can I count on your backing?
due (OWED) adjective
owed as a debt or as a right: --------- dijangka- mereka dijangka pulang dari cuti------- akan- dia akan beri ceramah malam ini- pelancaran ini akan bermula setengah jam dari sekarang---------- sewajarnya- wajar-sepatutnya- perkara ini akan dipertimbangan sewajarnya--------patut diberikan- wang itu patut diberikan pada minggu depan--------dia tidak dilayan yg sepatut diberikan kepadanya--------- perlu dibayar- sewa perlu dibayar esok-
..........The rent is due (= should be paid) at the end of the month.
..........Fifty pounds is MAINLY UK due to me/MAINLY US due me by the people I worked for last month.
........Our thanks are due to everyone.
............UK LEGAL He was found to have been driving without due (= the necessary) care and attention. - betul2-hati2
Laptop learning in Italy - Duncan Kennedy, BBC News, Rome
Until today, the Don Milani di Rivoli elementary school in central Turin was like any other. Children turned up, got out their books and pens and began the process of learning. But now, in what's being described as a unique experiment, 60 fifth-grade pupils and a number of third-graders, will start using computers only
The mini-laptops, which run Windows software, all have a full curriculum programmed into them. The pupils will use the computers to do all their reading and writing. Security systems within the laptops mean the children's access to the internet is strictly controlled. The machines weigh less than a kilogram, can be dropped from a height of 1.5 metres and are waterproof.
Instead of spending the equivalent of 700 dollars a year on books, the laptops, built by the Italian company Olidata, cost less than 400 dollars. One of the teachers involved in the scheme says that, for the first time, schools will be able to verify in a scientific way how a computer alone can improve the learning process. The experiment, which has the backing of parents, is due to last a year.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/newsenglish/witn/2008/10/081008_italy_laptops.shtml
elementary school
a school that provides the first part of a child's education (usually for children aged 5 - 11)
turned up
here, came to school ----- datang- 200 orang datang kemesyuarat itu-------muncul- dari 200 org dijemput, 100 org saje yg muncul--------dijumpai- anak mereka yg hilang dijumpai di italy- jag risau dokumen yg akan dijumpai--------wujud- mesti ada peluang wujud
turn up (somewhere) (APPEAR) phrasal verb [M] INFORMALto arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in way that was not planned:
.......Do you think many people will turn up?
.......She turned up at my house late one night.
grade
a class or group of classes in a school where all the children are of a similar age and/or ability - ------- peringkat pelajar berdasarkan umur-tahun--dia dalam tahun kelima--------kualiti-gred- dia beli telur kualiti yg tinggi-------pangkat- saya dapat pangkat 1 dalam spm dan dapat pangkat A dalam Bahasa melayu--------peringkat[masyarakat]- orang dari setiap peringkat masyarakat-
grade (SCHOOL) noun [C] US
.......Jackie is in the sixth grade
UK Carla got a grade A in German.
-grader suffix US
.......an eighth-grader (= a student in the eighth level of school)
curriculum
all the subjects taught at a school, college, university etc. The word 'curriculum' can also be used to mean the same as 'syllabus', i.e. the topics or books studied within a subject
curriculum noun [C] plural curricula or curriculums
the group of subjects studied in a school, college, etc:
the school curriculum
See also the national curriculum. Compare syllabus.
access to
here, ability to surf/search/use ------ hak masuk-- menuntuk hak masuk kesebuah bangunan---------[dinafikan-] kesempatan- pelajar tidak diberi kesempatan menggunakan library---------jalan- satu2nya jalan menghubungi prof itu-------- kemudahan- dia mahukan kemudahan utk tengok fail2 itu------hak-peluang-- peluan utk mengetahui maklumat itu-
access noun [U]
the method or possibility of approaching a place or person, or the right to use or look at something:
......The only access to the village is by boat.
.......The main access to (= entrance to) the building is at the side.
........The tax inspector had/gained complete access to the company files.
.........The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.
............The children's father was refused access to them at any time (= refused official permission to see them).
are waterproof
cannot be damaged by water - kalis air-
waterproof adjective
not allowing water to go through:
........Canvas boots are all right but they're not as waterproof as leather.
waterproof noun [C] MAINLY UK - baju hujan kalis air
a coat or other item of clothing which keeps you dry because it does not allow water in
the equivalent of
the sum of money that amounts to/equals ------- sama seperti- yg setara- padanan untuk- Sirim, institusi yg sama spt British Standards Instituition-- satu keping keju sama seperti segelas susu-- apakah padanan yg tepat dalam b.melayu bagi perkataan ini.------- sama [nilainya] wang ini sama nilainya dgn ringgit malaysia-
equivalent adjective
having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc:
......She's doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money.
........Is $50 equivalent to about £30?
equivalent noun [C usually singular]
.......There is no English equivalent for 'bon appetit' so we have adopted the French expression.
.......Ten thousand people a year die of the disease - that's the equivalent of the population of this town.
involved in the scheme
taking part in the experiment
to verify
to prove that something is true or not ------membuktikan[kebenaran dn ketepatan sesuatu] - saksi itu tidak membuktikan kebenaran kenyataan------mengesahkan- ini hanya mengesahkan teori saya-
......Are you able to verify your account/allegation/report/theory?
........These figures are surprisingly high and they'll have to be verified.
.........[+ (that)] Under interrogation, she verified (that) the tapes were authentic.
backing noun [U]
support, encouragement ------- sokongan- projek ini perlu sokongan jawatankuasa tersebut-
1 - support, especially money, that someone gives a person or plan:
.......If I go ahead with the plan, can I count on your backing?
due (OWED) adjective
owed as a debt or as a right: --------- dijangka- mereka dijangka pulang dari cuti------- akan- dia akan beri ceramah malam ini- pelancaran ini akan bermula setengah jam dari sekarang---------- sewajarnya- wajar-sepatutnya- perkara ini akan dipertimbangan sewajarnya--------patut diberikan- wang itu patut diberikan pada minggu depan--------dia tidak dilayan yg sepatut diberikan kepadanya--------- perlu dibayar- sewa perlu dibayar esok-
..........The rent is due (= should be paid) at the end of the month.
..........Fifty pounds is MAINLY UK due to me/MAINLY US due me by the people I worked for last month.
........Our thanks are due to everyone.
............UK LEGAL He was found to have been driving without due (= the necessary) care and attention. - betul2-hati2
Laptop learning in Italy - Duncan Kennedy, BBC News, Rome
Until today, the Don Milani di Rivoli elementary school in central Turin was like any other. Children turned up, got out their books and pens and began the process of learning. But now, in what's being described as a unique experiment, 60 fifth-grade pupils and a number of third-graders, will start using computers only
The mini-laptops, which run Windows software, all have a full curriculum programmed into them. The pupils will use the computers to do all their reading and writing. Security systems within the laptops mean the children's access to the internet is strictly controlled. The machines weigh less than a kilogram, can be dropped from a height of 1.5 metres and are waterproof.
Instead of spending the equivalent of 700 dollars a year on books, the laptops, built by the Italian company Olidata, cost less than 400 dollars. One of the teachers involved in the scheme says that, for the first time, schools will be able to verify in a scientific way how a computer alone can improve the learning process. The experiment, which has the backing of parents, is due to last a year.
Monday, 26 January 2009
Obama first day
Learning English - Words in the News
responsibly
while being in control and having good judgement, enabling/allowing you to take correct actions -------- dengan penuh tanggungjawab- dia bertindak dgn penuh tanggungjawab
responsibly adverb
.......When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very responsibly and called the police.
......Parties are permitted, so long as everyone behaves responsibly.
deliberately
with a clear intent, purposefully - ------sengaja- dia sengaja menghalang saya dari meninggalkan tempat ini------perlahan2- dia berdiri diatas kerusi dan perlaha2 dia pasang paip rumahnya-
deliberately adverb
.........I'm sure he says these things deliberately (= intentionally) to annoy me.
........Calmly and deliberately (= slowly and carefully), she poured petrol over the car and set it alight.
decisively
without hesitation/dithering - -------, tegas, muktamad,tanpa ragu2-------kemenangyan yg muktamak--------fikiran yg tegas--------jawapan yg tegas-----dengan lebih berkesan
decisively adverb
If we had acted earlier and more decisively (= more quickly and effectively) it might not have come to this.
decisively adverb
.........If we had acted earlier and more decisively (= more quickly and effectively) it might not have come to this
collapse (FALL) verb
collapsed - unexpectedly and seriously failed
1- [I] to fall down suddenly because of pressure or lack of strength or support: - roboh-runtuh-jatuh--harga bulu kambing biri jatuh pada zaman kelesetan-------gagal-projek itu gagal sebab kemelesetan-------musnah-hancur-------terjejas-tekanan kerja yg dia hadapi menyebabkan kesihatannay terjejas------terhapus-dgn bukti2 yang dikemukan, hujjah pihak lawan terhapus-------
......Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.
.......The chair collapsed under her weight.
.......FIGURATIVE He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died.
to be seen to be acting on
that people see him taking measures to improve
act (DO SOMETHING) verb
[I] to do something for a particular purpose, or to behave in the stated way:------bertindak berdasar,mengikut,menurut - bertindak berdasarka ahli jawatankuasa---------bertindak mengikut intuisi seseorang
.........He never acts on other people's advice (= does what other people suggest).
...........Acting on impulse (= without thinking first) can get you into a lot of trouble.
Nonetheless adverb (ALSO nevertheless)
despite what has just been said or done: - walaubagaimanapun-namun-meskepun--saya tahu kamu tidak bersetuju, namun bgitu saya tetapi pergi-
......There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.
nevertheless \adverb (SLIGHTLY FORMAL nonetheless)
despite what has just been said or referred to:
......I knew a lot about the subject already, but her talk was interesting nevertheless.
figure in
be the topics of
figure (APPEAR) verb [I usually + adverb or preposition] to be, appear, take part or be included in something: -------muncul dalam-namanya mucul dalam senarai kehormatan itu-
......Their names did not figure in the list of finalists.
.......They denied that violence and intimidation had figured prominently in achieving the decision.
administration noun
1- [U] (INFORMAL admin) the arrangements and tasks needed to control the operation of a plan or organization ------- pentadbiran- masalah pentadbira- mereka bertanggungjawab terhadap pentadbiran negara-------- pemberian- pemberian penawar racun serta merta adalah penting-------pentadbiran mahathir-
.....Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with teaching.
......She has little experience in administration (= in organizing a business, etc.).
2 [C] a period of government in the United States:
........the Bush administration/the last Republican administration
across the board
in all areas of political, economic and social life - ----- menyeluruh-- kenaikan gaji yh menyeluruh-------- secara menyeluruh
across the board
happening or having an effect on people at every level and in every area:if something is done, happens, or exists across the board, it is done, happens, or exists in every part or area of something
..........The improvement has been across the board, with all divisions either increasing profits or reducing losses.
.............The initiative has across-the-board support.
.......The company is proposing to cut spending right across the board.
........Even as late as September, there are still course vacancies across the board, although the majority are in sciences.
to be put on hold
to stop being introduced or enforced ---- ditangguhkan- sedang menunggu-
put sth on hold
to decide that you will leave an activity until a later time
...... The project has been put on hold until our financial position improves. [usually passive]
be on hold
..........Everything's on hold again because of the bad weather.
dominate
be the main focus of his attention in ---- menguasai- dia membiarkan dirinya dikuasai oleh cita2nya- masalah yg mnguasai pemikirannya-- ------- paling menonjol- bentuk bandan wanita itu paling menonjol dala lukisan itu- soal mengumpulkan dana paling menonjol dalam perbincangan ini----- pemandanga gunung berapi menguasi pemandagan disini-
...He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting.
.....They work as a group - no one person is allowed to dominate.
he will be judged
people will form their opinions about him ---- mengadili- tuhan akan mengadili------menghakimi- awak tahu siapa yg menghakimi kes ini- saya akan mngadili pertandingan bayi-------- menilai- menilai seseorang dari sudut pakaian- saya tidak berhak menilai saudara- sekolah biasanya dinilai dari prestasi pelajar-------- anggarkan- dia menganggarkan umur lelaki itu--------berpendapat, anggap - kerajaan berpendapat lebih baik kilang lama ditutup-
judge (DECIDE)
verb [I or T] 1 to form, give or have as an opinion, or to decide about something or someone, especially after thinking carefully:
.......So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.
........[+ question word] It's difficult to judge whether the new system really is an improvement.
........The meeting was judged (to have been) a success.
.......You shouldn't judge by/on appearances alone.
.........I'm hopeless at judging distance(s) (= guessing how far it is between places).
Last July, then candidate Obama made a promise about Iraq. 'On my first day in office', he said, 'I will bring the Joint Chiefs of Staff in and I will give them a new mission, and that is to end the war responsibly and deliberately, but decisively'. Since then something else has happened of course - the world economy has collapsed, and politically it's now more important for him to be seen to be acting on the economy than on Iraq.
Nonetheless, both subjects will figure in his discussions today. This administration is promising action across the board, so a number of executive orders are likely to come soon. Already last night the White House - in a memo signed by the new Chief of Staff - ordered all the last-minute regulations signed by President Bush to be put on hold.
But it is the economy that will dominate the early days of this administration - and on which Mr Obama knows he will be judged
responsibly
while being in control and having good judgement, enabling/allowing you to take correct actions -------- dengan penuh tanggungjawab- dia bertindak dgn penuh tanggungjawab
responsibly adverb
.......When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very responsibly and called the police.
......Parties are permitted, so long as everyone behaves responsibly.
deliberately
with a clear intent, purposefully - ------sengaja- dia sengaja menghalang saya dari meninggalkan tempat ini------perlahan2- dia berdiri diatas kerusi dan perlaha2 dia pasang paip rumahnya-
deliberately adverb
.........I'm sure he says these things deliberately (= intentionally) to annoy me.
........Calmly and deliberately (= slowly and carefully), she poured petrol over the car and set it alight.
decisively
without hesitation/dithering - -------, tegas, muktamad,tanpa ragu2-------kemenangyan yg muktamak--------fikiran yg tegas--------jawapan yg tegas-----dengan lebih berkesan
decisively adverb
If we had acted earlier and more decisively (= more quickly and effectively) it might not have come to this.
decisively adverb
.........If we had acted earlier and more decisively (= more quickly and effectively) it might not have come to this
collapse (FALL) verb
collapsed - unexpectedly and seriously failed
1- [I] to fall down suddenly because of pressure or lack of strength or support: - roboh-runtuh-jatuh--harga bulu kambing biri jatuh pada zaman kelesetan-------gagal-projek itu gagal sebab kemelesetan-------musnah-hancur-------terjejas-tekanan kerja yg dia hadapi menyebabkan kesihatannay terjejas------terhapus-dgn bukti2 yang dikemukan, hujjah pihak lawan terhapus-------
......Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.
.......The chair collapsed under her weight.
.......FIGURATIVE He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died.
to be seen to be acting on
that people see him taking measures to improve
act (DO SOMETHING) verb
[I] to do something for a particular purpose, or to behave in the stated way:------bertindak berdasar,mengikut,menurut - bertindak berdasarka ahli jawatankuasa---------bertindak mengikut intuisi seseorang
.........He never acts on other people's advice (= does what other people suggest).
...........Acting on impulse (= without thinking first) can get you into a lot of trouble.
Nonetheless adverb (ALSO nevertheless)
despite what has just been said or done: - walaubagaimanapun-namun-meskepun--saya tahu kamu tidak bersetuju, namun bgitu saya tetapi pergi-
......There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.
nevertheless \adverb (SLIGHTLY FORMAL nonetheless)
despite what has just been said or referred to:
......I knew a lot about the subject already, but her talk was interesting nevertheless.
figure in
be the topics of
figure (APPEAR) verb [I usually + adverb or preposition] to be, appear, take part or be included in something: -------muncul dalam-namanya mucul dalam senarai kehormatan itu-
......Their names did not figure in the list of finalists.
.......They denied that violence and intimidation had figured prominently in achieving the decision.
administration noun
1- [U] (INFORMAL admin) the arrangements and tasks needed to control the operation of a plan or organization ------- pentadbiran- masalah pentadbira- mereka bertanggungjawab terhadap pentadbiran negara-------- pemberian- pemberian penawar racun serta merta adalah penting-------pentadbiran mahathir-
.....Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with teaching.
......She has little experience in administration (= in organizing a business, etc.).
2 [C] a period of government in the United States:
........the Bush administration/the last Republican administration
across the board
in all areas of political, economic and social life - ----- menyeluruh-- kenaikan gaji yh menyeluruh-------- secara menyeluruh
across the board
happening or having an effect on people at every level and in every area:if something is done, happens, or exists across the board, it is done, happens, or exists in every part or area of something
..........The improvement has been across the board, with all divisions either increasing profits or reducing losses.
.............The initiative has across-the-board support.
.......The company is proposing to cut spending right across the board.
........Even as late as September, there are still course vacancies across the board, although the majority are in sciences.
to be put on hold
to stop being introduced or enforced ---- ditangguhkan- sedang menunggu-
put sth on hold
to decide that you will leave an activity until a later time
...... The project has been put on hold until our financial position improves. [usually passive]
be on hold
..........Everything's on hold again because of the bad weather.
dominate
be the main focus of his attention in ---- menguasai- dia membiarkan dirinya dikuasai oleh cita2nya- masalah yg mnguasai pemikirannya-- ------- paling menonjol- bentuk bandan wanita itu paling menonjol dala lukisan itu- soal mengumpulkan dana paling menonjol dalam perbincangan ini----- pemandanga gunung berapi menguasi pemandagan disini-
...He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting.
.....They work as a group - no one person is allowed to dominate.
he will be judged
people will form their opinions about him ---- mengadili- tuhan akan mengadili------menghakimi- awak tahu siapa yg menghakimi kes ini- saya akan mngadili pertandingan bayi-------- menilai- menilai seseorang dari sudut pakaian- saya tidak berhak menilai saudara- sekolah biasanya dinilai dari prestasi pelajar-------- anggarkan- dia menganggarkan umur lelaki itu--------berpendapat, anggap - kerajaan berpendapat lebih baik kilang lama ditutup-
judge (DECIDE)
verb [I or T] 1 to form, give or have as an opinion, or to decide about something or someone, especially after thinking carefully:
.......So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.
........[+ question word] It's difficult to judge whether the new system really is an improvement.
........The meeting was judged (to have been) a success.
.......You shouldn't judge by/on appearances alone.
.........I'm hopeless at judging distance(s) (= guessing how far it is between places).
Last July, then candidate Obama made a promise about Iraq. 'On my first day in office', he said, 'I will bring the Joint Chiefs of Staff in and I will give them a new mission, and that is to end the war responsibly and deliberately, but decisively'. Since then something else has happened of course - the world economy has collapsed, and politically it's now more important for him to be seen to be acting on the economy than on Iraq.
Nonetheless, both subjects will figure in his discussions today. This administration is promising action across the board, so a number of executive orders are likely to come soon. Already last night the White House - in a memo signed by the new Chief of Staff - ordered all the last-minute regulations signed by President Bush to be put on hold.
But it is the economy that will dominate the early days of this administration - and on which Mr Obama knows he will be judged
Sunday, 25 January 2009
Fragile peace returns to Gaza
Learning English - Words in the News
heading
tomoving towards
head (GO) verb [I + adverb or preposition] to go in a particular direction
.....I was heading out of the room when she called me back.
.....We were heading towards Kumasi when our truck broke down.
.....He headed straight for (= went towards) the fridge.
.......I think we ought to head back/home (= return to where we started) now, before it gets too dark.
makeshift
temporary
makeshift adjective
temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need:
.....Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps.
........We pulled into a makeshift parking area.
pitted with
with many small holes caused by ----- menyebabkan berlekok2, melubangkan- bom telah melubangkan landasan itu- penyakit campak menyebabka mukanya berlekok2
pitted adjective
marked with holes or low areas:
.....He'd had bad acne as a youth and his face was pitted (= marked) with pockmarks.
snipers
people whose task it is to shoot other people from a hidden location - penembak hendap
sniper noun
[C]someone who shoots at people from a place where they cannot be seen:
......He was shot and fatally injured by a sniper.
.......Sniper fire has claimed countless lives these past few weeks
slung lazily around
not being used but hanging over
sling (HANG) verb
[T usually + adverb or preposition] slung, slung to hang something over something, especially in a careless way: - mengantung, menyangkutkan-----dia menyangkutkan 2 buain kanvas kepada 2 pokok------wesil tergantung dilehernya ------ dia menyangkut bajunya di kerusi-----menyandangkan [ senapang] - dia menyangkutkan senapangnya di bahunya-
.........I usually sling my jacket over the back of my chair.
......She came in and slung her coat over a chair.
inflicted on
caused/done to
inflict verb
[T] to force someone to experience something very unpleasant: -------mengakibatkan,menyebabkan------ peperangan mengakibatkan penduduk kampung itu megalami penderitaan yg dahsyat.- pukulan itu menyebabkan dia cedera parah-----disebabkan-diakibatkan-
....The suffering inflicted on these children was unimaginable.
destruction noun [U]
when something is destroyed: - kemusnahan-pembinasaan-----dia yg bertanggungjawab di atas pembinasaan jambatan itu--pemusnahan akibat silikon
.......Many people are very concerned about the destruction of the rainforests.
.....Unusually high winds left a trail of destruction over southern Britain.
......weapons of mass destruction (= those which kill or hurt large numbers of people)
military outposts
small military bases in remote areas or different country
the military group noun
[S]the armed forces: - tentera - pasukan bersenjata-angkatan berenjata
........The military has opposed any cuts in defence spending
military adjective
1- relating to or belonging to the armed forces: ------ tentera - latihan tentera- semua lelai dalam keluarga itu adalah anggota tentera-------angkatan bersenjata- angkatan bersenjata dipanggil utk meredakan keadaan rusuhan.
.......foreign military intervention
.......military targets/forces
......military uniform
2 -describes a characteristic that is typical of the armed forces:......military precision
outpost noun
1- a place, especially a small group of buildings or a town, which maintains the authority or business interests of a distant government or company: -------koTAtara- penempatan kecil dinegara asing atau jauh pendalaman utk tujuan ketenteraan-----kota kara, pengkalan tentara------england adalah ialah kota kara empayer romawi-
a police/military/colonial outpost
nothing was spared
everything was severely damaged
spare (EXTRA)
spare (THIN)
spare (NOT DECORATED)
spare (SAVE)
spare (AVOID)
spare (TRY HARD)
spare (GIVE)
spare (ANNOYED)
spare (part
to spare
left over or more than you need: ----berbaki,tinggal-------ada cukup kain utk membuat pakain dengan berbaki lebih kurang satu ela.---- kami sempat naik keretapi itu dengan hanya tinggal 10 minit..
......If you've got any wool to spare when you've finished the pullover, can you make me some gloves?
........I caught the plane with only two minutes to spare.
........There's no time/We've got no time to spare if we want to get the article written by tomorrow.
......What do you like to do in your spare time?
......I caught the plane with only five minutes to spare.
to verify
to check -----menentusahkan-cerita itu boleh ditentusahkan-akauntan itu telah menentusahkan angka2 itu-----------sahkan,confirmkan-ini hanya mengesahkan teori saya bahawa- perangainya mengesahkan pendapat saya bahawa.
verify verb
[T] to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that something is correct: ------- mengesahkan,membuktikan kebenaran atau ketepatan sesuatu-- apabila disiasat, dia tidak dapat membuktikan kebenaran
........Are you able to verify your account/allegation/report/theory?
........These figures are surprisingly high and they'll have to be verified.
........[+ (that)] Under interrogation, she verified (that) the tapes were authentic.
........The complaint of police brutality could not be verified.
.......Tests verified (that) Beck had torn a shoulder muscle
.......Throughout the trial, he didn't produce a single verifiable fact. - benar2,betul,----bapa dia benar bertindak orang zalim----dia betul2 pembohong- dapat disahkan-dapat dibuktikan kebenaran dan ketepatan sesuatu.
determined
very firm in their desire to do something and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop them
determined adjective
wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop you: ----- berazam, bertekad------ kuat azamnya,tekadnya-------dia berazam utk jumpa keluarga------ wanita yang kuat azamnya dan tidak mudah mengaku kalah----gigi,cekal------usaha yg gigih utk capai kejayaan.
.......[+ to infinitive] I'm determined to get this piece of work finished today.
.......She's sure to get the job she wants - she's a very determined person.
Fragile peace returns to Gaza
There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks remain.
There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung lazily around their shoulders.
The destruction we've seen has largely been inflicted on the Hamas infrastructure: police stations, military outposts, government buildings, so far the most extensive damage - that at the border in Rafah where nothing was spared.
For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian side; impossible for us to verify independently, but they say they are determined to reopen them and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to the outside world.
insist verb
[I] to state or demand forcefully, especially despite opposition: ------mendesak-kamu tidak mahu buat kerja itu,saya tidak akan mendesak--------berkeras mengatakan,menegaskan- saya berkeras mengatakan bahawa ada orang menganiayanya--------mendesak,hendakkan,mahukan- dia mendesak supaya lelaki itu pergi pada masa itu juga
.......[+ (that)] Greg still insists (that) he did nothing wrong.
........Please go first - I insist!
.......She insisted on seeing her lawyer.
pound (HIT) verb
[I or T] to hit or beat repeatedly with a lot of force, or to crush something by hitting it repeatedly: - membedil,menumbuk,----dia menumbuk bijirin------mengetuk2- dia mengetuk2 mesin kerana geram.
..........I could feel my heart pounding as I went on stage to collect the prize.
...........Nearly 50 people are still missing after the storm pounded the coast.
............The city was pounded to rubble during the war.
...........He pounded on the door demanding to be let in.
..........She was pounding away on her typewriter until four in the morning.
heading
tomoving towards
head (GO) verb [I + adverb or preposition] to go in a particular direction
.....I was heading out of the room when she called me back.
.....We were heading towards Kumasi when our truck broke down.
.....He headed straight for (= went towards) the fridge.
.......I think we ought to head back/home (= return to where we started) now, before it gets too dark.
makeshift
temporary
makeshift adjective
temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need:
.....Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps.
........We pulled into a makeshift parking area.
pitted with
with many small holes caused by ----- menyebabkan berlekok2, melubangkan- bom telah melubangkan landasan itu- penyakit campak menyebabka mukanya berlekok2
pitted adjective
marked with holes or low areas:
.....He'd had bad acne as a youth and his face was pitted (= marked) with pockmarks.
snipers
people whose task it is to shoot other people from a hidden location - penembak hendap
sniper noun
[C]someone who shoots at people from a place where they cannot be seen:
......He was shot and fatally injured by a sniper.
.......Sniper fire has claimed countless lives these past few weeks
slung lazily around
not being used but hanging over
sling (HANG) verb
[T usually + adverb or preposition] slung, slung to hang something over something, especially in a careless way: - mengantung, menyangkutkan-----dia menyangkutkan 2 buain kanvas kepada 2 pokok------wesil tergantung dilehernya ------ dia menyangkut bajunya di kerusi-----menyandangkan [ senapang] - dia menyangkutkan senapangnya di bahunya-
.........I usually sling my jacket over the back of my chair.
......She came in and slung her coat over a chair.
inflicted on
caused/done to
inflict verb
[T] to force someone to experience something very unpleasant: -------mengakibatkan,menyebabkan------ peperangan mengakibatkan penduduk kampung itu megalami penderitaan yg dahsyat.- pukulan itu menyebabkan dia cedera parah-----disebabkan-diakibatkan-
....The suffering inflicted on these children was unimaginable.
destruction noun [U]
when something is destroyed: - kemusnahan-pembinasaan-----dia yg bertanggungjawab di atas pembinasaan jambatan itu--pemusnahan akibat silikon
.......Many people are very concerned about the destruction of the rainforests.
.....Unusually high winds left a trail of destruction over southern Britain.
......weapons of mass destruction (= those which kill or hurt large numbers of people)
military outposts
small military bases in remote areas or different country
the military group noun
[S]the armed forces: - tentera - pasukan bersenjata-angkatan berenjata
........The military has opposed any cuts in defence spending
military adjective
1- relating to or belonging to the armed forces: ------ tentera - latihan tentera- semua lelai dalam keluarga itu adalah anggota tentera-------angkatan bersenjata- angkatan bersenjata dipanggil utk meredakan keadaan rusuhan.
.......foreign military intervention
.......military targets/forces
......military uniform
2 -describes a characteristic that is typical of the armed forces:......military precision
outpost noun
1- a place, especially a small group of buildings or a town, which maintains the authority or business interests of a distant government or company: -------koTAtara- penempatan kecil dinegara asing atau jauh pendalaman utk tujuan ketenteraan-----kota kara, pengkalan tentara------england adalah ialah kota kara empayer romawi-
a police/military/colonial outpost
nothing was spared
everything was severely damaged
spare (EXTRA)
spare (THIN)
spare (NOT DECORATED)
spare (SAVE)
spare (AVOID)
spare (TRY HARD)
spare (GIVE)
spare (ANNOYED)
spare (part
to spare
left over or more than you need: ----berbaki,tinggal-------ada cukup kain utk membuat pakain dengan berbaki lebih kurang satu ela.---- kami sempat naik keretapi itu dengan hanya tinggal 10 minit..
......If you've got any wool to spare when you've finished the pullover, can you make me some gloves?
........I caught the plane with only two minutes to spare.
........There's no time/We've got no time to spare if we want to get the article written by tomorrow.
......What do you like to do in your spare time?
......I caught the plane with only five minutes to spare.
to verify
to check -----menentusahkan-cerita itu boleh ditentusahkan-akauntan itu telah menentusahkan angka2 itu-----------sahkan,confirmkan-ini hanya mengesahkan teori saya bahawa- perangainya mengesahkan pendapat saya bahawa.
verify verb
[T] to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that something is correct: ------- mengesahkan,membuktikan kebenaran atau ketepatan sesuatu-- apabila disiasat, dia tidak dapat membuktikan kebenaran
........Are you able to verify your account/allegation/report/theory?
........These figures are surprisingly high and they'll have to be verified.
........[+ (that)] Under interrogation, she verified (that) the tapes were authentic.
........The complaint of police brutality could not be verified.
.......Tests verified (that) Beck had torn a shoulder muscle
.......Throughout the trial, he didn't produce a single verifiable fact. - benar2,betul,----bapa dia benar bertindak orang zalim----dia betul2 pembohong- dapat disahkan-dapat dibuktikan kebenaran dan ketepatan sesuatu.
determined
very firm in their desire to do something and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop them
determined adjective
wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop you: ----- berazam, bertekad------ kuat azamnya,tekadnya-------dia berazam utk jumpa keluarga------ wanita yang kuat azamnya dan tidak mudah mengaku kalah----gigi,cekal------usaha yg gigih utk capai kejayaan.
.......[+ to infinitive] I'm determined to get this piece of work finished today.
.......She's sure to get the job she wants - she's a very determined person.
Fragile peace returns to Gaza
There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks remain.
There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung lazily around their shoulders.
The destruction we've seen has largely been inflicted on the Hamas infrastructure: police stations, military outposts, government buildings, so far the most extensive damage - that at the border in Rafah where nothing was spared.
For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian side; impossible for us to verify independently, but they say they are determined to reopen them and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to the outside world.
insist verb
[I] to state or demand forcefully, especially despite opposition: ------mendesak-kamu tidak mahu buat kerja itu,saya tidak akan mendesak--------berkeras mengatakan,menegaskan- saya berkeras mengatakan bahawa ada orang menganiayanya--------mendesak,hendakkan,mahukan- dia mendesak supaya lelaki itu pergi pada masa itu juga
.......[+ (that)] Greg still insists (that) he did nothing wrong.
........Please go first - I insist!
.......She insisted on seeing her lawyer.
pound (HIT) verb
[I or T] to hit or beat repeatedly with a lot of force, or to crush something by hitting it repeatedly: - membedil,menumbuk,----dia menumbuk bijirin------mengetuk2- dia mengetuk2 mesin kerana geram.
..........I could feel my heart pounding as I went on stage to collect the prize.
...........Nearly 50 people are still missing after the storm pounded the coast.
............The city was pounded to rubble during the war.
...........He pounded on the door demanding to be let in.
..........She was pounding away on her typewriter until four in the morning.
Saturday, 24 January 2009
The cost of living - 6 Minute English
BBC Learning English
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/144_6minute/page27.shtml
thought (THINKING) noun [C or U] the act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject:
Ask me again tomorrow. I'll have to give it some thought.
She doesn't give any thought to her appearance.
Let me have your thoughts on that report by Friday.
Spare a thought for (= Think about) all those without shelter on a cold night like this.
He's the author of a book on the history of European thought.
You sent her a card? That was a kind thought.
carry sth out phrasal verb [M]
to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do: - menjalankan - melaksanakan - melakukan ------ melaksanakan rancangan seserang------- melaksanakan arahan--------menjalankan ujian.
........Nigel is carrying out research on early Christian art.
........The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what's wrong with her.
..........Our soldiers carried out a successful attack last night.
.........It is hoped that the kidnappers will not carry out their threat to kill the hostages.
..........Don't blame me, I'm only carrying out my orders/instructions
cost of living index noun [C usually singular]
US FOR retail price index
retail price index noun [S] (ABBREVIATION RPI) UK
a measurement of the changes in the cost of basic goods and services
Compare consumer price index.
consumer price index noun [C usually singular] (ABBREVIATION CPI)
necessity noun
1- [U] the need for something: ------- keperluan - perlunya - perlunya lindungi hidupan liar------- keperluan asas- senaman adalah keperluan asas-
.....You can come early if you want to, but there's no necessity for it.
......[+ to infinitive] Is there any necessity to reply to her letter?
........The report stresses the necessity of eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.
.........With a personal fortune of six million pounds, she certainly doesn't work out of necessity (= because she needs to).
.......We'll employ extra staff to help out as and when the necessity arises (= when we need to).
2 [C] something that you need, especially in order to live:
......We brought only the bare necessities with us.
........He regarded music as one of life's necessities.
cost verb [T]
cost, cost If something costs an amount of money, you must pay that amount to buy or do it: ------ berharga - telor ini berharga sepuluh sen sebiji.------- menentukan kos- menentukan kos simpanan baru--------- mengeluarkan wang - dia mengeluarkan wang 70 000 pound utk rumah itu- mahal------ dibeli dgb harga- rumah itu dibelinya dgn harga 100 000 pound----- berlian itu berharga juta2 pound-
....."How much does this book cost (= What is the price of this book)?" "It costs £25.
......."It costs a lot to buy a house in this part of London.
........[+ two objects] The trip will cost you $1000.
think long and hard (ALSO think twice)
to think very carefully about something: - fikir masak2-
......I should think long and hard before you make any important decisions.
........I thought long and hard before deciding to leave my husband.
........He thought long and hard about how to tell the children. [often + about]
whatsoever adverb (ALSO whatever)
used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed: - apa sahaja - apa sahaja pertolongan yg diberikan,telah dilupakan - dia menerima apa sahaja jawatan - apa pun - tidak ada apa pun keraguan ttgnya - walau apa saja - walau apa sahaja alasan, kerja itu mesti disiapkan hari ini - apa2 pun - samaada dia bohong atau tidak, apa2 pun saya terpaksa terima - - walau apa pun - dia tetap bersiar2 walau apa pun cuaca - ambil apa sahaja yg kamu mahu ---- apa - apa yg dikatakan yg menjengkelkan kamu ---- ikut suka - boleh saya datang lepas zuhur, ikut suka.
.....He has no respect for authority whatsoever.
......I can honestly say that I have no interest whatsoever in the royal family.
.......There is no evidence whatever to show that this is in fact the case.
......"Had you any idea what was happening at the time?" "None whatsoever."
whatever (SURPRISE) pronounused instead of the word what to add emphasis to a phrase, usually expressing surprise:
.....Whatever is he doing with that rod?
.....Whatever's that yellow thing on your plate?
......Whatever did you say that for?
......Whatever does she see in him - he's revolting!
.......Whatever made him buy that jacket?
afford (BE ABLE)
verb can afford to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time: - mampu - kami tidak mampu membayar sewa - boleh - saya boleh menunggu - saya tidak boleh ketinggalan kereta api - ---- memberikan - pekerjaan itu memberikan saya kepuasan - pokok2 itu memberikan naungan[shelter] ---- mampi membeli- mampukah kamu membeli kereta seperti itu-
.....I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.
......Few people are able to afford cars like that.
.......She couldn't afford the time off work to see him.
........[+ to infinitive] I can't afford to buy a house.
affordable
adjective
not expensive:.....nice clothes at affordable prices
afford (GIVE)
verb [T] FORMAL to allow someone to have something pleasant or necessary:
.............The hut afforded little protection from the elements.
.........[+ two objects] Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view of the stage.
cannot afford (FORMAL can ill afford)
If you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it would cause serious problems for you: - tidak boleh sama sekali
.......We can't afford to make any mistakes at this stage in the project.
........He can ill afford to fail any of his exams.
wide (AMOUNT) adjective
describes something that includes a large amount or many different types of thing, or that covers a large range or area: - berbagai2 - sekolah itu menawarkan pelbagai mata pelajaran ---- beraneka - beraneka jenis kek dan biskut - berbagai2 jenis buku di perpustakaan -
........They sell a wide range of skin-care products.
........She has a wide experience of teaching, in many different schools.
.......The Green Party no longer enjoys wide support (= the support of many people).
household -
group noun [C] a group of people, often a family, who live together: ---- keluarga- sesisi keluarga akan dijanga hadir - -----rumah - hanya 10% rumah mempunyai tv - ketua rumah - keluarga besar------ rumahtangga - mengurus [run] rumah tangga - hal2 rumah tangga -
.......By the 1960s, most households had a TV.
.......household chores
.......household expenses
householder
noun [C]the person who owns or is in charge of a house - penyewa -tenant
hand sth over (GIVE SOMETHING) phrasal verb [M]
to give something to someone else: - serahkan - dokumen2 ini hendaklah diserahkan kpd pihak berkuasa
......We were ordered to hand over our passports.
See also handover
hand sth/sb over (GIVE RESPONSIBILITY) phrasal verb [M]
to give another person control of someone or something, or responsibility for dealing with them:
......The hijacker was handed over to the French police.
......If you'll hold the line a moment I'll hand you over to someone who might be able to help.
......See also handover.
handover noun [U]the giving of control of or responsibility for something to someone else:
.......The United Nations is to supervise the handover of the prisoners of war.
expenditure
noun
1 - [C or U] the total amount of money that a government or person spends: ------penggunaan [money]- pembelanjaan- penggunaan masa dan tenaga - kerajaan sedang mencuba mengurangkan perbelanjaan -
......It's part of a drive to cut government expenditure.
.........The government's annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.
2 - [U] the act of using or spending energy, time or money:
........The expenditure of effort on this project has been enormous.
earn verb [I or T]
1- to receive money as payment for work that you do: - memperolehi pendapatan- sejak januari dia tidak mmperolehi sebarang pendapatan - ----- mendapat-memperolehi----- saya mendapat gaji 2000 ringgit sebulan ------ mendapat bayaran 500 ringgit ----- menhasilkan - saham2 ini dijangkan menhasilkan 300 pound sebulan ----- - selayaknya,sepatutnya,sewajarnya mendapat - tidak sewajrnya dia mendapat kenaikan pangkat itu -
......I earn $30 000 a year.
......How much do you earn, if you don't mind me asking?
.......You can't expect to earn a living (= be paid enough money to live on) from your painting. - mencari nafkah-
.......[+ two objects] Coffee exports earn (= give) Brazil many millions of pounds a year./Brazil earns many millions of pounds a year from coffee exports
2 -bto get something that you deserve:
..........It's been a tough six months and I feel I've earned a few weeks off.
..........See also well-earned
well-earned - adjective UK
deserved because of what you have done or experienced:
..........Liz won't be at work next week - she's having a well-earned break/rest/holiday.
set out (ACTIVITY)
set out (JOURNEY)
set sth out (DETAILS)
set sth out (ARRANGEMENT)
---bertolak - elok kita bertolak sebelum hari menjadi panas ----- mula- polis mula mengejar pencuri itu ----- meninggalkan- budak meninggalkan tempat itu utk cari pengalaman yg lebih bahaya ----- bermaksud- dari mula parti itu bermaksud utk menang 2/3----- sengaja-dia sengaja menakut2kan saya ------- menjelaskan, menyatakan sesuatu - dalam surat dia menjelaskan alasan kenapa dia berhenti - ------- menyusun, mengatur- terbitan majalah baru itu disusun dgn rapi-
set out (ACTIVITY) phrasal verb
to start an activity with a particular aim:
.......She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
........[+ to infinitive] They set out to discover a cure for cancer
set sth aside (PURPOSE)
set sth aside (LEGAL DECISION)
set sth aside (IGNORE)
--- mengasingkan sesuatu- sebarang baju koyak perlu diasingkan utk dijahit------- menyimpan[masa],mmperuntukkan- dia menyimpan sedikit wang tiap2 bulan------ membatalkan- keputusan y asal dibatalkan mahkamah------- mengenepikan,mengesampingkan- pesaing2 lama perlu diketepikan jika mahu parti ini kekal,bertahan.
set sth aside (PURPOSE) phrasal verb [M]
to save something, usually money or time, for a special purpose:
......He had some money in an account that he'd set aside for his kids.
.......[+ to infinitive] I set aside half an hour every evening to hear Erik read.
budget verb
[I or T] to plan how much money you will spend on something:
......An extra £20 million has been budgeted for schools this year.
budget (FINANCIAL PLAN) noun
1- [C or U] a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend:
......The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year.Libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within (their) budget.
BBC Learning English
6 Minute English
The cost of living
Callum: Hello I’m Callum Robertson and with me today for 6 Minute English is Jackie Dalton – hello Jackie.
Jackie: Hello Callum.
Callum: Today we’re going to be looking at the topic of the cost of living. What do we mean by that expression, the cost of living?
Jackie: We use it to talk about our everyday expenditure, so what it costs us to live our day to day lives, the cost of food, accommodation, fuel and so on.
Callum: Do you have any idea what you spend on these things do you know how much it costs to live Jackie Dalton’s life?
Jackie: I have no idea whatsoever actually! I just shut my eyes and hand over my credit card and hope for the best. How about you Callum?
Callum: Well yes, I figure out my monthly expenses and when I get paid I put that money into a bank account and that’s only used for those regular bills. Any money I have left over goes towards savings or the occasional luxury.
Jackie: Well that sounds very organised, Callum!
Callum: I suppose it is really. But if I didn’t budget like that I think I’d end up spending all my money each month. Now you’ll notice I used the verb to budget there – could you tell us a bit more about this word Jackie?
Jackie: Yes, ‘to budget’ means to plan your finances in the way you described, so that you know you can afford the necessities. There is also a noun, ‘a budget’, you can talk about your weekly or monthly budget, which is the amount of money you set aside to spend on particular things.
Callum: So, for example, I have a monthly food budget. How about you Jackie? Now we’re talking about this today because there was a recent report which set out how much, in terms of money, was the minimum that someone needed to earn each year to have an acceptable standard of living.
And that’s my question for you today Jackie. According to this report, which we’ll hear more of in a minute, how much do you think was suggested as being the minimum amount a single man needs for an acceptable standard of life in Great Britain?
a) £11,200 (about US$22,400)
b) £13,400 (about US$26,800), or
c) £15,600 (about US$31,200)
Jackie: Well I think life in the UK has got quite expensive so I’m going to go for the highest figure, £15,600.
Callum: OK, we’ll see if you’re right at the end of the programme.
This research was carried out by an organisation called the Joseph Roundtree Foundation. Here’s their policy advisor, Donald Hirsch describing the project.
Donald Hirsch
This was very detailed research in which a number of groups of ordinary people had long discussions about what really needs to go into a household budget to achieve a minimum acceptable standard of living and they thought long and hard about what things are sort of luxuries, what things we might want and what things people really would need to have and
this includes not just basics like food and shelter but also things which allow people to participate in society.
Callum: So they wanted to find out not how much was the absolute minimum you could live on, but how much you needed to be able to afford to live and also be involved in a social life.
Jackie: They examined a wide range of possible expenditures in everyday life and decided whether each item or service was essential or a luxury.
Callum: It was done by groups of ordinary people who thought “long and hard” about household budgets. Jackie, to think long and hard about something …
Jackie: Yes, this is a good expression and it’s fairly simple to understand, to think long and hard about something means to think very carefully about it. What’s important to remember with this phrase is that it is a fixed expression, so you think long and hard about something. You can’t say ‘to think hard and long’ about something, that sounds funny.
Callum: Now we’ve just got time to have a look at some of the
items they discussed, these groups, about whether they were essential or not essential for everyday life. How about, what do you think they though about mobile phones?
Jackie: I would like to think they’re not essential for everyday life.
Callum: Could you live without yours?
Jackie: No!
Callum: Yes, it was, mobiles phones were regarded as being something that was essential for everyday life. Television and a DVD player?
Jackie: I would say ‘yes’ if you want to in tune with what’s going on in your culture. They are useful to have.
Callum: Absolutely, yes, that was a thought, that everybody, you know, needed to have a television and a DVD player these days. Access to the internet?
Jackie: Yes, I would say so, that’s as important as having a television.
Callum: Well they said no, this survey, they said no at home, because people can still access the internet if they want to an internet café or at a library for free, in many cases. And what about a holiday, having a holiday?
Jackie: Oh, they’re essential, but it’s probably a luxury isn’t it.
Callum: Well it was regarded as being essential, one week budget holiday in the United Kingdom each year was something that was regarded as being essential. Well that is just about all the time we have for today. Before we go, the answer to the question. How much money is needed to pay for all these essential things
and it was £13,400
c: 15,600
Now you said £15,600 Jackie, not as much as that, so but unfortunately you go the answer wrong – again! Well never mind about that. Join us again for more 6 Minute English soon. Goodbye
Jackie: Goodbye
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/144_6minute/page27.shtml
thought (THINKING) noun [C or U] the act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject:
Ask me again tomorrow. I'll have to give it some thought.
She doesn't give any thought to her appearance.
Let me have your thoughts on that report by Friday.
Spare a thought for (= Think about) all those without shelter on a cold night like this.
He's the author of a book on the history of European thought.
You sent her a card? That was a kind thought.
carry sth out phrasal verb [M]
to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do: - menjalankan - melaksanakan - melakukan ------ melaksanakan rancangan seserang------- melaksanakan arahan--------menjalankan ujian.
........Nigel is carrying out research on early Christian art.
........The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what's wrong with her.
..........Our soldiers carried out a successful attack last night.
.........It is hoped that the kidnappers will not carry out their threat to kill the hostages.
..........Don't blame me, I'm only carrying out my orders/instructions
cost of living index noun [C usually singular]
US FOR retail price index
retail price index noun [S] (ABBREVIATION RPI) UK
a measurement of the changes in the cost of basic goods and services
Compare consumer price index.
consumer price index noun [C usually singular] (ABBREVIATION CPI)
necessity noun
1- [U] the need for something: ------- keperluan - perlunya - perlunya lindungi hidupan liar------- keperluan asas- senaman adalah keperluan asas-
.....You can come early if you want to, but there's no necessity for it.
......[+ to infinitive] Is there any necessity to reply to her letter?
........The report stresses the necessity of eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.
.........With a personal fortune of six million pounds, she certainly doesn't work out of necessity (= because she needs to).
.......We'll employ extra staff to help out as and when the necessity arises (= when we need to).
2 [C] something that you need, especially in order to live:
......We brought only the bare necessities with us.
........He regarded music as one of life's necessities.
cost verb [T]
cost, cost If something costs an amount of money, you must pay that amount to buy or do it: ------ berharga - telor ini berharga sepuluh sen sebiji.------- menentukan kos- menentukan kos simpanan baru--------- mengeluarkan wang - dia mengeluarkan wang 70 000 pound utk rumah itu- mahal------ dibeli dgb harga- rumah itu dibelinya dgn harga 100 000 pound----- berlian itu berharga juta2 pound-
....."How much does this book cost (= What is the price of this book)?" "It costs £25.
......."It costs a lot to buy a house in this part of London.
........[+ two objects] The trip will cost you $1000.
think long and hard (ALSO think twice)
to think very carefully about something: - fikir masak2-
......I should think long and hard before you make any important decisions.
........I thought long and hard before deciding to leave my husband.
........He thought long and hard about how to tell the children. [often + about]
whatsoever adverb (ALSO whatever)
used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed: - apa sahaja - apa sahaja pertolongan yg diberikan,telah dilupakan - dia menerima apa sahaja jawatan - apa pun - tidak ada apa pun keraguan ttgnya - walau apa saja - walau apa sahaja alasan, kerja itu mesti disiapkan hari ini - apa2 pun - samaada dia bohong atau tidak, apa2 pun saya terpaksa terima - - walau apa pun - dia tetap bersiar2 walau apa pun cuaca - ambil apa sahaja yg kamu mahu ---- apa - apa yg dikatakan yg menjengkelkan kamu ---- ikut suka - boleh saya datang lepas zuhur, ikut suka.
.....He has no respect for authority whatsoever.
......I can honestly say that I have no interest whatsoever in the royal family.
.......There is no evidence whatever to show that this is in fact the case.
......"Had you any idea what was happening at the time?" "None whatsoever."
whatever (SURPRISE) pronounused instead of the word what to add emphasis to a phrase, usually expressing surprise:
.....Whatever is he doing with that rod?
.....Whatever's that yellow thing on your plate?
......Whatever did you say that for?
......Whatever does she see in him - he's revolting!
.......Whatever made him buy that jacket?
afford (BE ABLE)
verb can afford to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time: - mampu - kami tidak mampu membayar sewa - boleh - saya boleh menunggu - saya tidak boleh ketinggalan kereta api - ---- memberikan - pekerjaan itu memberikan saya kepuasan - pokok2 itu memberikan naungan[shelter] ---- mampi membeli- mampukah kamu membeli kereta seperti itu-
.....I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.
......Few people are able to afford cars like that.
.......She couldn't afford the time off work to see him.
........[+ to infinitive] I can't afford to buy a house.
affordable
adjective
not expensive:.....nice clothes at affordable prices
afford (GIVE)
verb [T] FORMAL to allow someone to have something pleasant or necessary:
.............The hut afforded little protection from the elements.
.........[+ two objects] Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view of the stage.
cannot afford (FORMAL can ill afford)
If you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it would cause serious problems for you: - tidak boleh sama sekali
.......We can't afford to make any mistakes at this stage in the project.
........He can ill afford to fail any of his exams.
wide (AMOUNT) adjective
describes something that includes a large amount or many different types of thing, or that covers a large range or area: - berbagai2 - sekolah itu menawarkan pelbagai mata pelajaran ---- beraneka - beraneka jenis kek dan biskut - berbagai2 jenis buku di perpustakaan -
........They sell a wide range of skin-care products.
........She has a wide experience of teaching, in many different schools.
.......The Green Party no longer enjoys wide support (= the support of many people).
household -
group noun [C] a group of people, often a family, who live together: ---- keluarga- sesisi keluarga akan dijanga hadir - -----rumah - hanya 10% rumah mempunyai tv - ketua rumah - keluarga besar------ rumahtangga - mengurus [run] rumah tangga - hal2 rumah tangga -
.......By the 1960s, most households had a TV.
.......household chores
.......household expenses
householder
noun [C]the person who owns or is in charge of a house - penyewa -tenant
hand sth over (GIVE SOMETHING) phrasal verb [M]
to give something to someone else: - serahkan - dokumen2 ini hendaklah diserahkan kpd pihak berkuasa
......We were ordered to hand over our passports.
See also handover
hand sth/sb over (GIVE RESPONSIBILITY) phrasal verb [M]
to give another person control of someone or something, or responsibility for dealing with them:
......The hijacker was handed over to the French police.
......If you'll hold the line a moment I'll hand you over to someone who might be able to help.
......See also handover.
handover noun [U]the giving of control of or responsibility for something to someone else:
.......The United Nations is to supervise the handover of the prisoners of war.
expenditure
noun
1 - [C or U] the total amount of money that a government or person spends: ------penggunaan [money]- pembelanjaan- penggunaan masa dan tenaga - kerajaan sedang mencuba mengurangkan perbelanjaan -
......It's part of a drive to cut government expenditure.
.........The government's annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.
2 - [U] the act of using or spending energy, time or money:
........The expenditure of effort on this project has been enormous.
earn verb [I or T]
1- to receive money as payment for work that you do: - memperolehi pendapatan- sejak januari dia tidak mmperolehi sebarang pendapatan - ----- mendapat-memperolehi----- saya mendapat gaji 2000 ringgit sebulan ------ mendapat bayaran 500 ringgit ----- menhasilkan - saham2 ini dijangkan menhasilkan 300 pound sebulan ----- - selayaknya,sepatutnya,sewajarnya mendapat - tidak sewajrnya dia mendapat kenaikan pangkat itu -
......I earn $30 000 a year.
......How much do you earn, if you don't mind me asking?
.......You can't expect to earn a living (= be paid enough money to live on) from your painting. - mencari nafkah-
.......[+ two objects] Coffee exports earn (= give) Brazil many millions of pounds a year./Brazil earns many millions of pounds a year from coffee exports
2 -bto get something that you deserve:
..........It's been a tough six months and I feel I've earned a few weeks off.
..........See also well-earned
well-earned - adjective UK
deserved because of what you have done or experienced:
..........Liz won't be at work next week - she's having a well-earned break/rest/holiday.
set out (ACTIVITY)
set out (JOURNEY)
set sth out (DETAILS)
set sth out (ARRANGEMENT)
---bertolak - elok kita bertolak sebelum hari menjadi panas ----- mula- polis mula mengejar pencuri itu ----- meninggalkan- budak meninggalkan tempat itu utk cari pengalaman yg lebih bahaya ----- bermaksud- dari mula parti itu bermaksud utk menang 2/3----- sengaja-dia sengaja menakut2kan saya ------- menjelaskan, menyatakan sesuatu - dalam surat dia menjelaskan alasan kenapa dia berhenti - ------- menyusun, mengatur- terbitan majalah baru itu disusun dgn rapi-
set out (ACTIVITY) phrasal verb
to start an activity with a particular aim:
.......She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
........[+ to infinitive] They set out to discover a cure for cancer
set sth aside (PURPOSE)
set sth aside (LEGAL DECISION)
set sth aside (IGNORE)
--- mengasingkan sesuatu- sebarang baju koyak perlu diasingkan utk dijahit------- menyimpan[masa],mmperuntukkan- dia menyimpan sedikit wang tiap2 bulan------ membatalkan- keputusan y asal dibatalkan mahkamah------- mengenepikan,mengesampingkan- pesaing2 lama perlu diketepikan jika mahu parti ini kekal,bertahan.
set sth aside (PURPOSE) phrasal verb [M]
to save something, usually money or time, for a special purpose:
......He had some money in an account that he'd set aside for his kids.
.......[+ to infinitive] I set aside half an hour every evening to hear Erik read.
budget verb
[I or T] to plan how much money you will spend on something:
......An extra £20 million has been budgeted for schools this year.
budget (FINANCIAL PLAN) noun
1- [C or U] a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend:
......The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year.Libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within (their) budget.
BBC Learning English
6 Minute English
The cost of living
Callum: Hello I’m Callum Robertson and with me today for 6 Minute English is Jackie Dalton – hello Jackie.
Jackie: Hello Callum.
Callum: Today we’re going to be looking at the topic of the cost of living. What do we mean by that expression, the cost of living?
Jackie: We use it to talk about our everyday expenditure, so what it costs us to live our day to day lives, the cost of food, accommodation, fuel and so on.
Callum: Do you have any idea what you spend on these things do you know how much it costs to live Jackie Dalton’s life?
Jackie: I have no idea whatsoever actually! I just shut my eyes and hand over my credit card and hope for the best. How about you Callum?
Callum: Well yes, I figure out my monthly expenses and when I get paid I put that money into a bank account and that’s only used for those regular bills. Any money I have left over goes towards savings or the occasional luxury.
Jackie: Well that sounds very organised, Callum!
Callum: I suppose it is really. But if I didn’t budget like that I think I’d end up spending all my money each month. Now you’ll notice I used the verb to budget there – could you tell us a bit more about this word Jackie?
Jackie: Yes, ‘to budget’ means to plan your finances in the way you described, so that you know you can afford the necessities. There is also a noun, ‘a budget’, you can talk about your weekly or monthly budget, which is the amount of money you set aside to spend on particular things.
Callum: So, for example, I have a monthly food budget. How about you Jackie? Now we’re talking about this today because there was a recent report which set out how much, in terms of money, was the minimum that someone needed to earn each year to have an acceptable standard of living.
And that’s my question for you today Jackie. According to this report, which we’ll hear more of in a minute, how much do you think was suggested as being the minimum amount a single man needs for an acceptable standard of life in Great Britain?
a) £11,200 (about US$22,400)
b) £13,400 (about US$26,800), or
c) £15,600 (about US$31,200)
Jackie: Well I think life in the UK has got quite expensive so I’m going to go for the highest figure, £15,600.
Callum: OK, we’ll see if you’re right at the end of the programme.
This research was carried out by an organisation called the Joseph Roundtree Foundation. Here’s their policy advisor, Donald Hirsch describing the project.
Donald Hirsch
This was very detailed research in which a number of groups of ordinary people had long discussions about what really needs to go into a household budget to achieve a minimum acceptable standard of living and they thought long and hard about what things are sort of luxuries, what things we might want and what things people really would need to have and
this includes not just basics like food and shelter but also things which allow people to participate in society.
Callum: So they wanted to find out not how much was the absolute minimum you could live on, but how much you needed to be able to afford to live and also be involved in a social life.
Jackie: They examined a wide range of possible expenditures in everyday life and decided whether each item or service was essential or a luxury.
Callum: It was done by groups of ordinary people who thought “long and hard” about household budgets. Jackie, to think long and hard about something …
Jackie: Yes, this is a good expression and it’s fairly simple to understand, to think long and hard about something means to think very carefully about it. What’s important to remember with this phrase is that it is a fixed expression, so you think long and hard about something. You can’t say ‘to think hard and long’ about something, that sounds funny.
Callum: Now we’ve just got time to have a look at some of the
items they discussed, these groups, about whether they were essential or not essential for everyday life. How about, what do you think they though about mobile phones?
Jackie: I would like to think they’re not essential for everyday life.
Callum: Could you live without yours?
Jackie: No!
Callum: Yes, it was, mobiles phones were regarded as being something that was essential for everyday life. Television and a DVD player?
Jackie: I would say ‘yes’ if you want to in tune with what’s going on in your culture. They are useful to have.
Callum: Absolutely, yes, that was a thought, that everybody, you know, needed to have a television and a DVD player these days. Access to the internet?
Jackie: Yes, I would say so, that’s as important as having a television.
Callum: Well they said no, this survey, they said no at home, because people can still access the internet if they want to an internet café or at a library for free, in many cases. And what about a holiday, having a holiday?
Jackie: Oh, they’re essential, but it’s probably a luxury isn’t it.
Callum: Well it was regarded as being essential, one week budget holiday in the United Kingdom each year was something that was regarded as being essential. Well that is just about all the time we have for today. Before we go, the answer to the question. How much money is needed to pay for all these essential things
and it was £13,400
c: 15,600
Now you said £15,600 Jackie, not as much as that, so but unfortunately you go the answer wrong – again! Well never mind about that. Join us again for more 6 Minute English soon. Goodbye
Jackie: Goodbye
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